Some people think asking questions — to friends, peers or bosses — can make you look weak or insecure.

But the simple act can actually help you garner influence and even get the people around you to change their minds, says communication expert Matt Abrahams — if you know the right questions to ask.

“Asking a question puts you in a position of power,” Abrahams, a Stanford University lecturer, tells CNBC Make It. “I can actually raise my status and lower your status when I ask a challenging question.”

Asking good questions “demonstrates you care, it demonstrates empathy, it demonstrates you’re willing to learn and, in some cases, admit you don’t know everything,” he adds. “Those are all valuable tools and assets to have when you’re trying to grow your career or deepen relationships.”

Effective leaders often balance their credibility with humility, a willingness to learn and connect well with their colleagues, experts say. But not every question will help you get ahead. You need to know how, when and why you’re asking the question for it to help make you more influential, says Abrahams.

Here’s how to ask the right questions, at work, home and in your social life, to get ahead and strengthen relationships, he says.

Good questions contain three elements, says Abrahams:

• They’re concise, so the listener doesn’t get distracted
• They build on what the other person has said — furthering the conversation, rather than paraphrasing or summarizing
• They revolve around a focused idea, or the conversation topic’s “bottom line”

“It can have multiple purposes,” but it should be quick, clear and focused enough so people understand the point of I’m trying to make,” Abrahams says.

You should consider your intention or goal before asking any question, he adds. Do you want show you’re listening and understanding, or that you’re very interested in the subject at hand? Maybe you want to subtly help the other person understand another perspective, or simply move the conversation along.

One of the worst intentions, Abrahams notes: trying to get participation points in workplace meetings. Your questions always need to be thoughtful, he says — if you aren’t helping clarify a point or furthering a conversation, your colleagues may just roll their eyes at you.

Asking good questions, especially to persuade, influence or change someone’s mind, takes practice. Start small, and try approaching your casual interactions like interviews, where you’re trying to learn more about the other person or conversational subject, recommends Abrahams.

If your questions often ramble, and you want to become more concise, he suggests turning to artificial intelligence: Ask a chatbot like ChatGPT for shorter ways to phrase specific questions, then analyze the results. You can also ask real people for feedback — after a big meeting or serious work conversation, find a trusted colleague and ask them what they thought of the questions you posed.

Above all else, always listen to other people before asking them anything, Abrahams says.

“Anytime you are listening, you’re doing yourself a service. You are showing the other person you’re here,” Abrahams says. Then, your question is more likely to feel like you’re “inviting the other person to collaborate, and solving the problem [together] helps you foster that relationship in the long-term.”

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Kelcie Lesko and Tim Khalil remember the moment when they gave up on buying their first home.

It was June 2023, when U.S. homebuyers were scrambling to beat out rising mortgage rates and snatch up what they could from a limited number of units on the market. Amid soaring house prices, many buyers made all-cash offers. Lesko and Khalil, a New Jersey couple, had lost out on about 15 bids on properties in Monmouth County at that point.

“We were just getting blown out of the water,” says Lesko, 28, who works in marketing. They had stretched their original budget from $300,000 to $380,000, and had been offering tens of thousands over list price to keep up with other bids.

Their last offer was a “beautiful” two-bedroom house with lots of space and a backyard, which they sensed “was going to be the one,” says Khalil, 30, a police officer. They offered $380,000 on the $315,000 residence and shook the hand of the seller, who said it was between them and another offer.

When their offer was rejected, “it was like a slap in the face telling us, ‘Wake up, this is just not for you,’” says Lesko.

They decided to stop looking for a home. Instead, they continue to rent a two-bedroom apartment for just under $3,000 per month.

“We both make good money. We both have good jobs. We’ve both done the right things to prepare us to become homeowners,” says Lesko. “But the way things are with the real estate market right now, I don’t think it’s possible for us to own a home.”

Lesko and Khalil are emblematic of many frustrated would-be buyers in their late 20s to early 40s who, despite doing everything “right,” find themselves priced out of homeownership.

Most members of the millennial generation entered adulthood during the 2008 financial crisis and aftermath. They faced a bleak job market, stagnant wages and mounting student debt, which hindered their ability to save.

As they enter their peak homebuying years, they face a housing shortage that’s driven the median U.S. home price to $412,300. That’s 40% higher than their parents paid in 1990, even after adjusting for inflation.

If they manage to stay ahead of rising costs of living and save enough for a bigger down payment, they’re further squeezed by higher mortgage rates, which have more than doubled since 2022 and increased monthly payments.

And while buyers must spend more, they often have to lower expectations for what they’ll get: They’re finding that available homes are smaller, farther away or in need of costly repairs.

In conversations with CNBC Make It, millennial buyers describe the trade-offs they face and their feelings of devastation, disappointment and anger that the goalposts keep moving and they can’t seem to win.

Homes have always been a major expense for first-time buyers, including boomers and Gen Xers. What’s changed is that houses — along with college tuition, rent and health-care costs — have become significantly more expensive, even when adjusted for inflation.

Wages aren’t rising fast enough to keep up: Home prices have grown twice as much as incomes since 1985.

In recent years, the average 30-year fixed mortgage rate more than doubled from historic lows of around 3% in 2020 to a high of 7.6% in October 2023. The average has since come down slightly to 6.2%.

“When you look at mortgage costs relative to how much a typical family earns, it’s untenable — there’s not really any way for a middle-class family to afford a home right now if they’re a first-time homebuyer,” says Daryl Fairweather, senior economist at Redfin.

The median house price in the U.S. is now 5.8 times more than the median annual income of $80,000. In 1990, homes cost just two times as much as the median income.

That means mortgage payments are generally bigger, and it takes much longer for millennials to save for a down payment. Depending on location, it now costs $74,000 to $140,000 to put down 20% on a typical U.S. house, not including closing and other costs.

When communications professional Kelly Diehr, 31, and her husband started looking for a Denver-area home in January 2024, they figured a budget of $600,000 would go a long way. That was, after all, the median price for a house in the area at the time.

But the upfront costs of owning are much higher compared with those faced by homebuyers her age in the late 1990s, like her parents’ generation, she says, and the money doesn’t go as far.

“You go into the market, and you realize you have to give up on the ideal home that you thought you were gonna get, because six figures nowadays is nothing to buy a home,” says Diehr.

For $600,000, many of the available homes were over 20 years old, located in less-desirable areas and in need of serious renovations, such as new flooring, kitchens and bathrooms.

When she was growing up, Diehr’s immigrant mother from Brazil “hammered” at the idea of the American Dream — a pillar of which is homeownership, long viewed as a source of stability and independence.

“We start looking and think, ‘OK, we’re making more than our parents, we should be able to get a better home than them right now,’” says Diehr. “For $600,000, you’d think we’d be getting a turn-key home: three bedrooms, all-wood floors, two bathrooms and a decent backyard. And that is absolutely not the case.”

To better compete with other bids, the couple upped their budget by dipping into stock investments. They ended up buying a newly constructed three-bedroom home for $789,000 in April 2024. They were able to negotiate $47,000 in seller credits, which they used to buy down their mortgage interest rate to a more manageable 4.25%.

Diehr feels grateful they were able to make it work, but the trade-off was withdrawing from their retirement savings and spending about $200,000 more than they had originally budgeted.

For many young Americans, big cities like Los Angeles and New York offer the appeal of more job options, better pay, and a chance to meet different people. The rub? Even entry-level homes there can seem reserved for the wealthy.

When Jonathan Ochart, 32, moved from San Antonio to LA in March 2023, he thought he might be able to buy a small condo for $450,000. “One bedroom, 600 to 700 square feet, nothing fancy,” he says. 

The founder and CEO of a marketing and public relations company, Ochart was already a homeowner, having purchased a detached, two-bedroom house in San Antonio for roughly $275,000 in 2021. At that time, he was able to secure a 30-year fixed mortgage rate of 2.86% — a far cry from the nearly 8% banks charged in 2023.

“The only reason I was able to accomplish that was the historically low mortgage rates,” says Ochart, who now earns a net profit of about $100 per month renting out the home.

In LA, the condo listings in Ochart’s price range were far from his preferred neighborhoods and usually needed renovations, or they came with high homeowners association fees as part of a special assessment for repairs. Newer places in his budget turned out to be studio apartments that were closer to 350 square feet, without much closet space.

Ochart could have sold his San Antonio property to increase his budget. But he preferred to keep the home as a fallback option in case he ever had to return to Texas, especially since it was “locked in at a monthly price” that he can afford.

In early 2024, Ochart gave up on buying a condo in LA, where monthly mortgage costs would have been around $3,500 to $4,000. Instead, he found a rental he likes for about $2,100 per month, roughly half of what he would have spent on a home.

It feels “like a Catch-22,” says Ochart: “You can afford places in [smaller] cities that might not have job opportunities, but when you move to a bigger city with job opportunities, you’re priced out.”

The median price of a home in Los Angeles county is just under $960,000, according to Zillow listings data. That’s 14 times the median annual household income of $82,455 in that county, according to the most recent U.S. Census data.

“Compared to the boomers or Gen X generation? It’s apples to oranges. It’s just not a level playing field,” says Ochart about the income now needed to afford a home.

The rise in metro-area home prices has had a spillover effect in many mid-sized cities, which saw an influx of buyers from larger metros seeking more space and affordability during the Covid lockdowns in 2020, leading to rapid home price growth during the same period.

These “pandemic darlings,” as they became known, include mid-sized cities like Boise, Idaho; Tacoma, Washington; and Grand Rapids, Michigan. In Grand Rapids, median home prices were on the rise before the pandemic and then soared 54% from 2020 to $285,000 in June 2024, according to Zillow sales data.

Grand Rapids’ swift home price growth has squeezed out local buyers like Timothy Ham, 40, a veteran and network security engineer who had to relocate to Kalamazoo, an hour’s drive away.

In 2022, Ham struggled to find a one-bedroom rental in Grand Rapids for about $700 a month. For that same amount, he realized he could buy a $100,000 home with a VA loan that didn’t require a down payment.

However, the only affordable places he could find in Grand Rapids were “uninhabitable,” Ham says. Instead, he had better luck in Kalamazoo, where he purchased a two-bedroom house for $79,000, with mortgage payments of $635 per month.

While Ham was able to secure monthly payments well below what most Americans pay, living in Kalamazoo came with trade-offs, like having to drive an hour each way to work. He also says he moved into a “rougher neighborhood” where he hears gunfire “on a regular basis.”

Although he loves Kalamazoo and is happy to be a homeowner, the experience left him frustrated.

“I’m kind of put off that I was born and raised in Grand Rapids, served in the military for 20 years, and it’s like, ‘Now we don’t have a home for you, go somewhere else,’” says Ham. “But at the end of the day, you’ve still got to figure out a solution.” 

Taken together, these factors have created an environment where only certain prospective homebuyers succeed.

Americans now need to earn around $111,000 to afford a median-priced home with a 20% down payment — a staggering 50% increase over the past four years, according to Bankrate. To keep up with those prices, 36% of millennial and younger homebuyers rely on family help to cover down payments, up from 18% in 2019, according to Redfin.

The financial support helps them enter the market sooner, secure better mortgage terms and compete more effectively for a limited number of homes — at the expense of lower-income buyers and people without family help.

First-time buyers are increasingly older, too. In the 1980s, Americans tended to buy in their late 20s, but these days the median age is closer to 35, according to the National Association of Realtors. The share of first-time homebuyers has also declined since the 1980s — from roughly half of all buyers down to just under a third in 2023.

That’s largely because millennials must compete with boomers for homes, and that isn’t a fair fight. The average millennial has 30% less wealth at 35 than the average baby boomer did at the same age. And they only have 9.4% of the total U.S. wealth, compared with 51.8% for boomers.

The coming years could be tough for younger buyers, since there aren’t nearly enough properties to meet demand. As it stands, there’s a housing shortage of 4 million homes, according to NAR’s most recent estimates. While construction has picked up in recent years, it’s remained below pre-2009 levels due to continued supply shortages, high mortgage rates and a severe deficit of construction workers.

“We will need 1.8 million new housing units for about five consecutive years to remove the housing shortage deficit,” says Lawrence Yun, chief economist at NAR. Until that gap is closed, experts expect prices to keep trending upwards.

Nearly 3 in 4 millennials say that owning a home is a key part of the American Dream, the belief that anyone can achieve “success” and upward mobility through hard work.

Millennials who are unable to buy can feel a hit to their sense of selves. Others may stretch their housing budgets to keep up with the Joneses, at the cost of other financial goals like saving for retirement.

“That idea of owning your own land is deeply embedded in the American psyche,” says Ramit Sethi, bestselling author and star of Netflix’s “How to Get Rich.” “It’s underappreciated when it comes to home-purchasing decisions.”

Falling short can feel like a personal failure, says Brad Klontz, a financial psychologist and certified financial planner. That’s because homebuying is often driven by emotions, like the fear of missing out: “Without a doubt, whether it’s the right decision or the wrong decision, you’re being influenced by a bunch of subconscious biases and beliefs.”

Emotional decisions can lead buyers to spend more on housing than they can afford, says Klontz. Indeed, nearly half of current U.S. homeowners have regrets about their purchase, citing unexpected expenses as the No. 1 regret, according to a recent Bankrate survey.

Given how unaffordable homes are, Klontz recommends taking a hard look at the numbers. You might be better off investing your money, rather than using it to try to buy a home, he says: “Where’s it written that in order to have really ‘made it’ you need to be a homeowner?”

“For me, real estate isn’t just financial, it’s also personal,” says Ochart. The home he secured in Texas with a low interest rate gives him a sense of “safety.”

At the same time, he says, “if you don’t love the space, and you don’t love the neighborhood, it just doesn’t make sense to spend all that money that you’ve worked so hard to save.”

While Kelcie Lesko and her husband believe they’re better off not buying a home for now, they remain “devastated” by the state of the real estate market.

Even if interest rates drop, it likely won’t affect housing costs right away. Home prices are expected to rise by 15% to 25% in the next five years, largely driven by the gap between supply and demand, according to Yun, NAR’s chief economist.

For now, Lesko has lost hope that she’ll be a homeowner anytime soon. Without a windfall or generational wealth, “it’s nearly impossible for people our age to buy a home,” she says.

Want to master your money this fall? Sign up for CNBC’s new online course. We’ll teach you practical strategies to hack your budget, reduce your debt, and grow your wealth. Start today to feel more confident and successful. Use code EARLYBIRD for an introductory discount of 30% off, now extended through September 30, 2024, for the back-to-school season.

McDonald’s is complimenting its popular $5 Meal Deal with an even better offer: 50 cent cheeseburgers.

For the second consecutive year, the fast food giant is discounting one of its most popular menu items on National Cheeseburger Day. On Sept. 18 only, customers will be able to buy the chain’s famous Double Cheeseburger for 50 cents.

The offer is available to customers who use the fast food chain’s smartphone app, and is limited to one burger per customer.

Users who open the app will be prompted to take advantage of the National Cheeseburger Day promotion, and the discount will be automatically applied at checkout.

McDonald’s announced the return of the deal at the same time that it revealed its $5 Meal Deal would be sticking around until December. The combo, which was released this summer amid slumping sales, features a choice of McDouble or McChicken sandwich, four-piece McNuggets, small fries and a soft drink.

The offering from the Golden Arches is competing with value combos from rival fast food chains like Taco Bell, Burger King, Wendy’s and Popeyes.

Diners looking to get the most value on National Cheeseburger Day will also be able to score a 1-cent Jr. Bacon Cheeseburger from Wendy’s with the purchase of another menu item if they buy it on the chain’s app or website.

Burger King, meanwhile, will give a free cheeseburger to any member of its Royal Perks rewards program who makes a purchase of $1 or more.

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Many Americans made more money in 2023 than the year prior, bringing the national household median income up to $80,610, according to U.S. Census Bureau Current Population Survey estimates.

Middle class is commonly defined as earning between two-thirds and double the household median income. That means on a national level, the middle class includes households earning between $53,740 and $161,220 a year. 

But on a state level, median incomes vary quite widely, as you can see in the map below:

As a result, middle class salaries can look very different from state to state. Here are household incomes that fall in the middle class in each state, plus the District of Columbia:

Alabama

• Median household income: $60,660
• Middle class income range: $40,440 to $121,320

Alaska

• Median household income: $98,190
• Middle class income range: $65,460 to $196,380

Arizona

• Median household income: $82,660
• Middle class income range: $55,107 to $165,320

Arkansas

• Median household income: $63,250
• Middle class income range: $42,167 to $126,500

California

• Median household income: $89,870
• Middle class income range: $59,913 to $179,740

Colorado

• Median household income: $96,640
• Middle class income range: $64,427 to $193,280

Connecticut

• Median household income: $92,240
• Middle class income range: $61,493 to $184,480

Delaware

• Median household income: $86,340
• Middle class income range: $57,560 to $172,680

District of Columbia

• Median household income: $111,000
• Middle class income range: $74,000 to $222,000

Florida

• Median household income: $72,200
• Middle class income range: $48,133 to $144,400

Georgia

• Median household income: $72,420
• Middle class income range: $48,280 to $144,840

Hawaii

• Median household income: $97,360
• Middle class income range: $64,907 to $194,720

Idaho

• Median household income: $73,910
• Middle class income range: $49,273 to $147,820

Illinois

• Median household income: $87,820
• Middle class income range: $58,547 to $175,640

Indiana

• Median household income: $76,910
• Middle class income range: $51,273 to $153,820

Iowa

• Median household income: $80,860
• Middle class income range:$53,907 to $161,720

Kansas

• Median household income: $84,830
• Middle class income range: $56,553 to $169,660

Kentucky

• Median household income: $61,980
• Middle class income range:$41,320 to $123,960

Louisiana

• Median household income: $57,650
• Middle class income range: $38,433 to $115,300

Maine

• Median household income: $75,740
• Middle class income range: $50,493 to $151,480

Maryland

• Median household income: $102,000
• Middle class income range: $68,000 to $204,000

Massachusetts

• Median household income: $106,500
• Middle class income range: $71,000 to $213,000

Michigan

• Median household income: $76,960
• Middle class income range: $51,307 to $153,920

Minnesota

• Median household income: $90,340
• Middle class income range: $60,227 to $180,680

Mississippi

• Median household income: $55,060
• Middle class income range: $36,707 to $110,120

Missouri

• Median household income: $78,290
• Middle class income range: $52,193 to $156,580

Montana

• Median household income: $79,220
• Middle class income range: $52,813 to $158,440

Nebraska

• Median household income: $89,190
• Middle class income range: $59,460 to $178,380

Nevada

• Median household income: $81,310
• Middle class income range: $54,207 to $162,620

New Hampshire

• Median household income: $98,780
• Middle class income range: $65,853 to $197,560

New Jersey

• Median household income: $91,590
• Middle class income range: $61,060 to $183,180

New Mexico

• Median household income: $60,980
• Middle class income range: $40,653 to $121,960

New York

• Median household income: $81,600
• Middle class income range: $54,400 to $163,200

North Carolina

• Median household income: $68,610
• Middle class income range: $45,740 to $137,220

North Dakota

• Median household income: $76,960
• Middle class income range: $51,307 to $153,920

Ohio

• Median household income: $73,770
• Middle class income range: $49,180 to $147,540

Oklahoma

• Median household income: $67,330
• Middle class income range: $44,887 to $134,660

Oregon

• Median household income: $88,740
• Middle class income range: $59,160 to $177,480

Pennsylvania

• Median household income: $79,820
• Middle class income range: $53,213 to $159,640

Rhode Island

• Median household income: $81,860
• Middle class income range: $54,573 to $163,720

South Carolina

• Median household income: $69,100
• Middle class income range: $46,067 to $138,200

South Dakota

• Median household income: $81,740
• Middle class income range: $54,493 to $163,480

Tennessee

• Median household income: $72,700
• Middle class income range: $48,467 to $145,400

Texas

• Median household income: $79,060
• Middle class income range: $52,707 to $158,120

Utah

• Median household income: $101,200
• Middle class income range: $67,467 to $202,400

Vermont

• Median household income: $85,190
• Middle class income range: $56,793 to $170,380

Virginia

• Median household income: $96,490
• Middle class income range: $64,327 to $192,980

Washington

• Median household income: $93,440
• Middle class income range: $62,293 to $186,880

West Virginia

• Median household income: $60,410
• Middle class income range: $40,273 to $120,820

Wisconsin

• Median household income: $79,690
• Middle class income range: $53,127 to $159,380

Wyoming

• Median household income: $77,200
• Middle class income range: $51,467 to $154,400

Two places in the South — neighboring Maryland and the District of Columbia — feature median household incomes above $100,000. These places, as well as nearby Virginia, are historically high-earning, with many government, law, tech and finance workers collecting big salaries. But they are outliers for the region.

The South is the lowest-earning region overall. Half of the states there have median household incomes below $70,000 a year. In Mississippi, for example, the median household income was $55,060 in 2023, the lowest in the nation, according to Census Bureau data.

DON’T MISS: How to master your money and grow your wealth

Part of the reason for low incomes in the South is a lack of state minimum wages in five Southern states — Mississippi, Louisiana, Alabama, Tennessee and South Carolina — and low minimum wages in others. Only six of the 16 Southern states plus D.C. have state-mandated minimum wages higher than the federal minimum of $7.25.

Georgia’s minimum wage is even lower at $5.15, but workers there are entitled to earn the federal minimum rate.

In 2022, only Maryland and D.C. had median household incomes above $100,000, but Massachusetts and Utah joined those states in 2023.

When the median household income is at least $100,000, the middle class will include households earning over $200,000. That’s the case in Massachusetts, Maryland and Utah, as well as Washington, D.C., where families earn a median of $111,000 — the highest in the country.

In Massachusetts, high-paying industries like biotech, health care and finance, plus a highly educated population, help boost the state’s incomes. Over 1 in 5 households in Massachusetts earned over $200,000 in 2023, according to Census Bureau American Community Survey data. Still, about 27% of households there earned below $50,000.

Utah attracts high-earners thanks to a relatively low and flat income tax rate that helps those with big salaries keep more of their paychecks. Its state economy has also been resilient and growing pretty consistently for over a decade, at times expanding faster than the national rate. It ranks No. 6 in CNBC’s 2024 rankings of the best state economies.

Still, the Northeast is the highest-earning region in the country. Only two states there — Maine and Pennsylvania — have local median household incomes lower than the national median. In Massachusetts, the highest-earning state, families earn a median of $106,500. No other state in the Northeast had a six-figure median, though New Hampshire came close at $98,780.

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Melinda French Gates believes it’s “so dumb” to try and maximize productivity by getting only a few hours of sleep.

The billionaire philanthropist, who recently announced that she’s sponsoring a $12.5 billion grant toward women’s rights, told Vanity Fair last week that she aims to get seven to eight hours of sleep each night. And she shared a negative view of the executives she’s encountered who boast about sleeping only a few hours each night.

“Some of us didn’t want to be around them! Let’s be honest!” French Gates said, referencing CEOs and tech entrepreneurs who promote, in her eyes, a form of performative sleep deprivation.

Notable business leaders who’ve discussed their scant sleep habits include former PepsiCo CEO Indra Nooyi, who said in 2018 that she typically worked until midnight and woke up at 4 a.m. Former U.S. president Donald Trump and ex-Yahoo CEO Marissa Meyer have also talked about only needing to sleep four hours, or less, at night.

Elon Musk, currently the world’s richest person, was once among them — bragging about pulling all-nighters and sleeping under his desk as his electric vehicle company Tesla tried to meet its production goals. He’s since changed his tune, and now aims for at least six hours of sleep per night, he told CNBC last year.

“I’ve tried [to sleep] less … Even though I’m awake more hours, I get less done,” Musk said. “And the brain pain level is bad if I get less than six hours [of sleep].”

Amazon founder Jeff Bezos and Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates — French Gates’ ex-husband — have shared similar stories. Bezos now makes getting eight hours of sleep “a priority,” he told Thrive Global in 2016: “For me, that’s the needed amount to feel energized and excited.”

In his youth, Gates was influenced by other entrepreneurs bragging about not needing enough sleep, leading him to believe that “sleep is laziness and unnecessary,” he said on his “Unconfuse Me with Bill Gates” podcast last year. Now, he aims for a minimum of seven hours of sleep each night, he said.

Medical experts agree with French Gates and her ex-husband: Adults ages 18 to 60 need at least seven hours of sleep per night, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sleep deprivation can lead to health issues including heart disease, kidney disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, stroke, obesity and depression, says the National Institutes of Health.

For some people, that’s a frustrating fact — and a convenient one to ignore, in the name of maximizing every moment of time to get ahead in their careers. Roughly one-third of employed U.S. adults sleep less than six hours per night, a 2020 CDC study found.

Work is the most common activity that prevents people from getting enough sleep, says research from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. In some industries — think finance, health care, tech — the long hours can lead to a cultural glorification of sleep deprivation, especially among younger employees.

Yet the difference between a sleep-deprived brain and a healthy one is stark, research shows. Getting enough sleep is essential to achieve peak physical and mental health, according to the CDC, which adds that sleep deprivation can even mimic the effects of being drunk.

“I can tell you with authority that when I’m exhausted, when I’m running on empty, I’m the worst version of myself,” media mogul Arianna Huffington, who once wrote a book on the subject, told CNBC Make It in 2018. “I’m more reactive. I’m less empathetic. I’m less creative. And all of us can testify to that.”

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