Just over an hour after details of his first cabinet were announced, Bayrou went on live national television to explain the logic of recalling several names from previous administrations such as former prime ministers Elisabeth Borne, Manuel Valls.

“I think we’re in the most difficult situation we’ve been in since the second world war,” Bayrou told journalists Apolline de Malherbe and Benjamin Duhamel on BMF TV.

“It is a country that has no budget, no majority, in which a large number of French people think and believe that they are being left out, that no attention is being paid to them.”

Bayrou said that Borne, who was premier between May 2022 and January 2024, would be his de facto number two. 

“The country’s number one challenge is education,” Bayrou added.

During the 90-minute interview, Bayrou attempted to present himself as a centrist, unifying figure. “If we want to fight the immense problems France is facing at the moment, we cannot let disagreements rule,” he said.

The return of Valls came as a surprise. The 62-year-old served as François Hollande’s premier between April 2014 and December 2016 and will take over as overseas territories minister after nearly a decade away from the white heat of power.

His priority will be to implement the rescue package for the battered Indian Ocean archipelago of Mayotte where Cyclone Chido left at least 35 dead and more than 2,500 injured.

“One of the most pressing issues for this country are overseas territories,” Bayrou insisted. “They are very fragile, very destabilised societies, which feel that no one is looking after them.”

France’s Prime Minister Bayrou names new cabinet

The 73-year-old, who heads the liberal Democratic Movement (MoDem) party, denied he had succumbed to any influence from Marine Le Pen’s National Rally on the composition of his government as claimed by the former minister Xavier Bertrand.

But there were acknowledged hard line operators at the interior and justice ministries. Gérald Darmanin, who served as Interior Minister between July 2020 and September 2024 under three prime ministers, returned to the government as Justice Minister – the post that had seemed destined for Bertrand. 

Bruno Retailleau, a conservative who has vowed to crack down on illegal immigration, retains his post as Interior Minister. 

Bayrou also promised to not use the controversial 49.3 article of the French Constitution which allows the  government to bypass MPs in parliament unless he was completely blocked. He told the interviewers that he did not want to slap new taxes on businesses but conceded the country’s deficits had to be addressed.

Named by President Emmanuel Macron on 13 December to replace Michel Barnier, Bayrou will head the fourth government of the year.

Criticisms

The leader of the National Rally, Jordan Bardella, accused him of having formed the coalition of failure.

Marine Tondelier, the Green Party chief, condemned him for placing himself in the hands of the far right.

The leader of the France Unbowed (LFI) MPs, Mathilde Panot, said: “It is a government filled with people rejected at the ballot box who have contributed to sinking our country … with the support of Marine Le Pen and the National Rally.”

Right-wing LR members of parliament have said they will not rule out withdrawing their support for Bayrou’s government. “We will be very demanding,” added LR’s Laurent Wauquiez.

The government will meet for the first time on 3 January and Bayrou is expected to give a policy speech to parliament on 14 January.

LFI MPs say they will table a motion of no confidence against Bayrou and his government as soon as possible.

Former prime minister Elisabeth Borne was named as Education Minister in the reshuffle. Gerald Darmanin, who served as Interior Minister between July 2020 and September 2024 under three prime ministers, returns as Justice Minister.

Bruno Retailleau, a conservative who has vowed to crack down on illegal immigration, retains his post as Interior Minister. Rachida Dati keeps the culture portfolio while Jean-Noel Barrot and Sebastien Lecornu maintain their jobs leading the foreign affairs and defence ministries respectively.

The composition of the cabinet was unveiled just before 7pm following a frantic weekend of negotiations. 

Xavier Bertrand, who had been offered the Justice Ministry, stated that he would not join Bayrou’s government, because it had been formed with the approval of Marine Le Pen’s far-right National Rally (RN).

Bayrou drafted Manuel Valls back into government as minister for overseas territories. The 62-year-old served as prime minister under President François Hollande between April 2014 and December 2016. His first assignment will be to implement a recovery programme for Mayotte which was devastated after Cyclone Chido swept through the Indian Ocean archipelago on 14 December.  At least 35 people have been confirmed dead and more than 2,500 injured. The death toll is expected to rise due to the number of undocumented migrants in Mayotte.

Other appointments include Éric Lombard as Minister of the Economy and François Rebsamen as minister in charge of decentralisation.

Repeated delays

The Elysee presidential palace said on Monday morning the new cabinet would not be announced before 6pm Paris time due to the day of mourning in France for the victims in Mayotte.

Macron returns to political uncertainty after Mayotte, East Africa visit

Bayrou, 73, who heads the liberal Democratic Movement (MoDem) party, promised to present a government last week.

But his delay reflected the chaos swirling over the French body politic since President Emmanuel Macron called snap elections last summer. The move backfired spectacularly. No party or alliance secured a majority.

After weeks of bickering and manoeuvring, Macron named former Brexit negotiator Michel Barnier prime minister on 5 September 2024.

His reign ended ignominiously earlier in December when the far right and left joined forces to oust him and furnish him with the infamy of being the premier with the shortest tenure since the start of the Fifth Republic  in 1958.

French lawmakers oust Prime Minister Barnier after just three months in office

Macron appointed Bayrou on 13 December, hoping that his new administration would be presented before Christmas”.

“The length of this auditioning process … is unbearable,” far-right National Rally lawmaker Jean-Philippe Tanguy told French broadcaster BFMTV-RMC.

Bayrou says he wants to make sure his government can pass a budget for next year.

But many commentators predict his premiership will rival Barnier for rapidity: many of the names adorning his cabinet featured in the past two governments that failed.

Outgoing French government to present ‘special’ budget to avoid shutdown

 (with newswires)

The two companies said they had signed a memorandum of understanding on Monday and that smaller Nissan alliance member Mitsubishi Motors also had agreed to join the talks on integrating their businesses.

“We anticipate that if this integration comes to fruition, we will be able to deliver even greater value to a wider customer base,” Nissan’s CEO Makoto Uchida said in a statement.

Automakers in Japan have lagged behind their big rivals in electric vehicles and are trying to cut costs and make up for lost time.

News of a possible merger surfaced earlier this month, with unconfirmed reports saying that the talks on closer collaboration partly were driven by aspirations of Taiwan iPhone maker Foxconn to tie up with Nissan, which has an alliance with Renault SA of France and Mitsubishi.

Behemoth

A merger could result in a behemoth worth more than $50 billion based on the market capitalization of all three automakers.

Together, Honda and the Nissan alliance with Renault SA of France and smaller automaker Mitsubishi Motors Corp. would gain scale to compete with Toyota Motor Corp. and with Germany’s Volkswagen AG. Toyota has technology partnerships with Japan’s Mazda Motor Corp. and Subaru Corp.

Even after a merger Toyota, which rolled out 11.5 million vehicles in 2023, would remain the leading Japanese automaker. If they join, the three smaller companies would make about 8 million vehicles.

In 2023, Honda made 4 million and Nissan produced 3.4 million. Mitsubishi Motors made just over 1 million.

Nissan, Honda and Mitsubishi announced in August that they would share components for electric vehicles such as batteries and jointly research software for autonomous driving to adapt better to dramatic changes centered around electrification, following a preliminary agreement between Nissan and Honda set in March.

Honda, Japan’s second-largest automaker, is widely viewed as the only likely Japanese partner able to effect a rescue of Nissan, which has struggled following a scandal that began with the arrest of its former chairman Carlos Ghosn in late 2018 on charges of fraud and misuse of company assets, allegations that he denies. He was eventually released on bail and fled to Lebanon.

“Desparate move”

Speaking Monday to reporters in Tokyo via a video link, Ghosn derided the planned merger as a desperate move.

From Nissan, Honda could get truck-based body-on-frame large SUVs such as the Armada and Infiniti QX80 that Honda does not have, with large towing capacities and good off-road performance, Sam Fiorani, vice president of AutoForecast Solutions, told The Associated Press.

Nissan also boasts years of experience building batteries and electric vehicles, and gas-electric hybird powertrains that could help Honda in developing its own EVs and next generation of hybrids, he said.

But the company said in November that it would slash 9,000 jobs, or about 6 percent of its global work force, and reduce its global production capacity by 20 percent after reporting a quarterly loss of 9.3 billion yen ($61 million).

It recently reshuffled its management and Makoto Uchida, its chief executive, took a 50 percent pay cut to take responsibility for the financial woes. He said Nissan needed to become more efficient and respond better to market tastes, rising costs and other global changes.

“Worsening profitability”

Fitch Ratings recently downgraded Nissan’s credit outlook to “negative,” citing worsening profitability, partly due to price cuts in the North American market. But it noted that it has a strong financial structure and solid cash reserves that amounted to 1.44 trillion yen ($9.4 billion).

Nissan’s share price also has fallen to the point where it is considered something of a bargain.

On Monday, its Tokyo-traded shares gained 1.6 percent. They jumped more than 20 percent after news of the possible merger broke last week.

Honda’s shares surged 3.8 percent. Honda’s net profit slipped nearly 20 percent in the first half of the April-March fiscal year from a year earlier, as sales suffered in China.

(With newswires)

Three children, aged six, 11 and 12, have been living since 2019 in an orphanage in Damascus, whose director was prohibited from having direct contact with their family in France by the regime of Bashir al-Assad.

With the change in regime, there is hope that the children could be brought to France.

“Before she died, the mother had contacts with the childrens’ aunt, but I was not allowed to have any [contact],” the director of the orphanage, who asked to remain anonymous, told RFI.

“If I said anything, I would have ended up in the Saydnaya prison. The only way I was allowed to contact the childrens’ family was through the Red Crescent, which was risky.”

Nevertheless, the children were able to speak to their aunt every week.

They were brought to the orphanage in 2019 by Syrian intelligence officers, which gave little information about what happened to them.

Raids

The orphanage director learned, through the children themselves, that their parents, French jihadists, had been killed during the bombings of the Islamic state in the Deir Ezzor region.

“The children came here with an intelligence service document. The mother’s name was false,” explained the director.

“The children themselves told me their mother was dead, that there were bombings and many killed. Their father was also dead.”

The director wanted to keep a link with the aunt of the children even if it was forbidden by the Assad regime.

The orphanage has not had any contact with French authorities, according to the director, who is determined to get the children repatriated.

France has been reluctant to repatriate women jihadists and their children being held in Syria, and until 2022 only allowed children on a case-by-case basis whose mothers agreed to give up their parental rights.

However, policy changes have accelerated the return, and France has always promised to care for orphans.

Since the collapse of the Islamic State in 2019, 170 women have returned from Iraq and Syria, and more than 350 children are being followed by child services around France.

This article was adapted from an article by Murielle Paradon and Boris Vichith which appeared in French on www.rfi.fr

Daniel Chapo, Frelimo’s presidential candidate, secured 65 percent of the vote, the seven-judge bench ruled, revising down the initial results of nearly 71 percent, announced in November by the National Electoral Commission (CNE).

Venancio Mondlane, the Podemos candidate, remained in second place with 24.19 percent of the votes (compared to around 20 percent according to the CNE results).

Ossufo Momade of Renamo obtained 6.62 percent of the votes, and Lutero Simango of the MDM secured 4 percent of the ballots.

The Constitutional Council dismissed Podemos’ request for a recount of the votes. It also rejected Renamo’s and the MDM’s requests for new elections.

Mondlane has repeated that the 9 October vote was stolen from him. And several international observer missions have also said there were irregularities.

Mounting tension

Tension started mounting in the capital Maputo ahead of the court decision with many businesses shut.

The main roads into the city centre were barricaded by police and access to the presidential palace and Constitutional Council office shut, the French news agency AFP reported.

Tensions grow in Mozambique as police fire tear gas at protesters

The final results follow two months of street protests that left more than 100 people dead.

Mondlane has taken refuge abroad for fear of his safety. He has vowed to call a popular uprising if the Constitutional Council were to approve Chapo’s victory.

“Difficult days will come,” the 50-year-old said, after appeals to disenchanted younger voters.

Chapo, 47, will take over from President Filipe Nysui, whose second term ends on 15 January.

He will be Mozambique’s first president born after independence and the first not to have served as a Frelimo fighter.

The former provincial governor has been criticised for his limited experience in politics or in Frelimo governments which have ruled the country since independence from Portugal in 1975.

Some observers fear the Constitutional Council’s ruling is likely to spark further protests in the country.

Amnesty International reported that the government has repeatedly cut internet access across the country and blocked social media sites for nearly a week.

At least 130 people have already been killed in clashes with police since October, according to the civil society monitoring group Plataforma Decide since October’s election.

Meanwhile, the country’s disaster management agency said that Cyclone Chido killed at least 120 people in Mozambique during its sweep through the Indian Ocean last week.

Cyclone Chido leaves dozens dead and devastates Mozambique

 (with newswires) 

French President Emmanuel Macron decreed that flags would fly at half mast Monday, and said that “all French people are invited to pay our respects” for a minute at 11am to “share in the pain of the Mahorais”.

Macron last week visited France’s poorest department, part of the Comoros archipelago in the Indian Ocean, to survey the devastation wrought by the cyclone, which left people without water and electricity and thousands without shelter.

Even as authorities have officially confirmed 31 dead and 1,500 injured, it is feared that hundreds or even thousands were killed, as the island is home to thousands of undocumented migrants from the neighbouring Comoros and from mainland Africa.

Many areas remain inaccessible, and heavy rains have made the situation worse for thousand of people whose shantytown dwellings were flattened.

Health workers say they are bracing for a surge of disease as dead bodies lie unburied and people struggle to get clean drinking water.

Macron said his government would send more support soon, including 400 more gendarmes to ensure security, and noted a surge of food and water arriving by air and sea.

France has requested 10,000 tents and emergency accommodation from the European disaster mechanism, which has been mobilised to help Mayotte and African countries hit by Chido.

Macron’s government has been accused of neglecting Mayotte, where chronic underinvestment in infrastructure and public services has exacerbated the crisis. 

Djedje aims to confront “German colonial ignorance” with the work, explaining that Germany’s colonial history in Africa is rarely discussed, even largely unknown, in the country.

RFI met with him at the Centquatre-Paris cultural centre, where the actor and director – born in Paris to Ivorian parents – presented Vielleicht (meaning “perhaps” in German) as part of the Impatience theatre festival.

RFI: As a Franco-Ivorian born in France and educated in Switzerland, what led you to a project confronting Germany’s colonial past?

Cédric Djedje: Basically, nothing. But I moved from Lausanne to Geneva and the city of Geneva has artists’ residencies, particularly in Berlin. As it happens, the year before I moved I went to Berlin and fell in love with it. I didn’t really have any plans, but I came across this story about the African quarter in Berlin, in the Wedding district. It spoke to me straight away. I got this residency thanks to this project.

The African quarter in Berlin is not the same as African neighbourhoods in Paris, London or Brussels, though …

The difference is that these are street names linked to African [colonial] history. This is not at all the case in Paris, where the African quarter has no street names that have anything to do with Africa. It just so happens that in Berlin’s African quarter, there is an African population, but it’s much smaller than the African districts in Paris, London or Brussels. Berlin’s African district is really a German colonial fantasy.

Belgium to pay damages for forced separations in Congo during colonial rule

Your play Vielleicht tells the story of the 40-year struggle by Afro-descendants to change the names of three streets in Berlin. What is the colonial history behind these street names?

The three people [that these streets are named for] – Adolf Lüderitz, Gustav Nachtigal and Carl Peters – founded German colonies in Africa, they were founders of colonial empires. Unlike in other places, they were really private companies. In fact, that’s one of the main differences with German colonisation, which was colonisation by private individuals and companies.

Lüderitz arrived in Namibia and was one of the first to found a German colonial empire there, thanks to Bismarck who supported him. The story of Lüderitz is important because, unlike the others, he signed a treaty – well, it wasn’t him directly, but one of his emissaries. A treaty that resulted in spoliation, hence his nickname “Lügen-Fritz” [The typical German name “Fritz” was often used pejoratively, and the verb lügen means “to lie”].

He signed this treaty in Namibia, which gave him seven times more land than the Namibians thought they were selling. Can you imagine that?

You’ve been working on the show since 2018, when you felt that collective imaginations were struggling to decolonise. However, the three streets in question were recently renamed (in December 2022 and August 2024). Has your show become outdated now?

No … or maybe. In fact, that’s not for me to say. The idea of the show is also to get feedback on the question of techniques used to achieve a political victory. The idea is to dissect the different techniques used by activists. And even more important than the techniques is the emotional impact this has on people’s lives. Political battles are often completely disconnected from the emotional impact on everyday life.

And I think that whatever happens, even if the streets have been renamed, we don’t realise that 40 years of struggle are not just 40 years. It’s 40 years of daily struggle: the fatigue of the body and the mind also means taking your time, voluntarily.

For example, in the show, we say that even managing to have the Lüderitz Straße renamed in 2022 and dedicated to Cornelius Fredericks [Fredericks was one of the resistance leaders of the Nama rebellion in Namibia against the Germans, and was imprisoned in a concentration camp. His body was decapitated after his death in 1907 and his skull sent to Berlin for “research into the racial superiority” of the Germans], took time.

That alone was 10 years of struggle and that has an impact on things. Also, even if the streets have been renamed, it’s still important to say what the consequences were and what it took for people to rename these streets.

Germany marks 1989 Berlin Wall fall with ‘Preserve Freedom’ party

At the time, Otto von Bismarck, the Imperial Chancellor of Germany, wanted to hide the reality by saying that these African countries were not colonies, but “protectorates” – in other words, “protected” territories. In your show, you say that it’s important to stop talking about “colonialism” and use the word “Maafa” instead.

Maafa means “the great destruction”. Because “colonialism” can also mean “taking care”, and for me that’s already a misnomer. The idea conveyed [in the play] by Marianne Ballé Moudoumbou [co-founder of the Central Council of the African Community in Germany] is that decolonising also means decolonising words.

You can’t use just any word to open up imaginations. If we use words that mean “taking care” when it’s not a question of taking care, but of people being murdered, tortured, kidnapped … it doesn’t make sense. Maafa, “the great destruction”, makes it clear that it was a destruction. This makes it possible to rename reality and history more precisely.

What’s the difference between presenting this show in Switzerland, a neutral country that has never owned any colonies, or showing it here in France, where colonial history is very present, and showing it in Germany, where, to this day, very little is said about German colonial history?

Yes, very little is said about this in Germany. As far as Switzerland is concerned, it doesn’t have a direct colonial history. In fact, it hasn’t had any colonies, but there is a colonial imagination that is shared with other countries. So the play can speak to them. There are also activists in Switzerland who have been campaigning for some time to rename certain streets bearing the names of people who had links with colonial companies – Swiss, French, German … So Switzerland isn’t completely neutral either.

And this is beginning to appear on the [cultural] agenda. In Zurich, there’s a big exhibition on colonialism in Switzerland [Colonial, at the Landesmuseum]. There’s also an exhibition at the MEG [Museum of Ethnography] in Geneva on colonialism and the private impact on people [entitled Remembering].

And for us, it’s really important to always link this story to the place where we’re performing. That’s why we always bring in a local activist at the end. Here in Paris we invited Reha Simon, who co-hosts on the Histoires Crépues channel, so that people wouldn’t think: ‘No, but this is Germany, the Germans are colonialists, but we’re much more open.’

Performing the show in Berlin was very special. People were very sceptical and doubtful, in the sense that it’s a story they don’t know. Strangely enough, I think people in Switzerland and France are perhaps more familiar with this story than in Germany. In Berlin, people were a bit taken aback. The craziest thing was that Berliners who were born in Berlin or had lived there for a long time didn’t even know this district. That says a lot about German colonial amnesia or ignorance, at least in Berlin.

Is Vielleicht a play, an activism performance, an anti-colonial event or community activism?

I’d say it’s a documentary show that retraces the life of a person who is interested in what it means to be an activist and what activism is … I could say that it’s a show that questions what militancy is. To say that it’s a militant show would be to say that it’s a successful show.

French documentary wins top prize at Berlin film festival

At the end of the show, you display a kanga, an emblematic Tanzanian fabric known for carrying messages. What message does your piece carry?

There’s the idea that many small fish have managed to find the fisherman’s net, that collective strength can bring about change. It’s not just because there are a lot of us. Collective strength means we can support each other emotionally and financially too. It’s that strength that counts.

Vielleicht is directed by the collective Absent.e pour le moment, designed by Cédric Djedje and performed by Safi Martin Yé, Cédric Djedje and Reha Simon. It will be presented in 2025 at the Mantsina Sur Scène festival in Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo.

This article has been adapted from the French version of the interview, and lightly edited for clarity.

On 25 April 1974 – after almost half a century of dictatorship – the military coup opened a new era.

Led by low-ranking officers within the Portuguese army and backed by widespread public support, the so-called Carnation Revolution not only toppled Portugal’s authoritarian regime but signalled the end of its colonial wars in Africa.

The dictatorship established by Antonio de Oliveira Salazar had been at war with national movements demanding freedom from the Portuguese empire for more than 10 years.

In the aftermath of the revolution, all five of Portugal’s African colonies – Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, Cape Verde, Angola and Sao Tome and Príncipe – swiftly gained independence. 

Those countries’ heads of state were in Lisbon to join in the 50th anniversary celebrations – tribute to a struggle for freedom that spanned two continents.

Rebellion in Guinea-Bissau

By the spring of 1974, the battle for decolonisation was furthest advanced in Guinea-Bissau. 

The country had unilaterally declared independence from Portugal in September 1973 after 10 years of conflict that helped drive Portugal’s own push for freedom.

“Many [officers] had passed through Guinea-Bissau. There were more deaths in Guinea-Bissau than anywhere else,” says Mario Cissoko, who was then part of the PAIGC rebel group. 

“We had a radio station in Conakry – Radio Libération. We communicated in Creole, Portuguese and the vernacular languages to raise awareness among all the people in areas controlled by the colonial forces,” he told RFI.

“And even the Portuguese troops – we convinced them through the radio.”

Young Portuguese recruits no longer wanted to do four years of military service in the country at the risk of dying in the name of a dictatorship, Cissoko says – and there were many deserters. 

“We freed them ourselves and handed them over to the International Red Cross. All that played a part in the political mobilisation of Portuguese soldiers.”

• Lisbon street plaques tell story of Portugal’s forgotten slave trade

Wind of change

In Mozambique, an independence agreement was signed just months after Portugal’s military revolted, in September 1974, and took effect the following year.

Joaquim Chissano, who would go on to be president of Mozambique, was a guerrilla fighter with the pro-independence Frelimo movement at the time.

“We heard about the coup in Portugal on the radio,” he told RFI.

He and his fellow rebels were at a training camp in neighbouring Tanzania, and soon realised the events in Lisbon could create an opening for their fight to decolonise.

At the time, Chissano recalls, “we took the attitude that the coup d’etat would be the end of fascism – perhaps – but we couldn’t assume that it was the end of colonialism.

“So we had to continue the struggle until we had the conditions to have our independence.”

• Podcast: Germany’s dark past in Africa

Catalyst effect

The events of April 1974 also catalysed Angola’s journey to freedom.

The country had been engaged in a gruelling war for independence since 1961. After the revolution, negotiations between the Portuguese government and Angolan liberation movements gained momentum and led to the signing of independence agreements in 1975.

Angola proclaimed independence on 11 November the same year.

Cape Verde and Sao Tome and Principe, where the movement for decolonisation had been slowest to advance, also obtained their independence under Portugal’s new leaders in 1975.

While decolonisation would probably have occurred even without the Carnation Revolution, the change in regime helped accelerate the process. 

In the decades that followed, several of the newly independent countries faced a difficult transition through civil wars, corrupt leaders and proxy conflicts.

They remain some of the world’s poorest countries today – while in Portugal, the far right is gaining ground for the first time in decades.

This story was first published on 27 April 2024 and appears as part of our review of the year.

“Their tablets have to stay in their bags,” says Christophe, who teaches management and economics at a private Catholic high school west of Paris, where every student receives a tablet.

The tablets are funded by the Ile-de-France region, which oversees high schools, public and private, and which in 2020 introduced digital textbooks.

Today about half of general high schools in the region use them.

At first, Christophe said, he was open to the idea. “Traditional books are not perfect. Sometimes they are heavy and sometimes students forget them, so at first I thought it could be a good solution.

“But I was very disappointed with the screens.”

Find more on this story on the Spotlight on France podcast:

First, there were technical problems – WiFi connectivity issues, students who couldn’t find their login codes, tablets that weren’t charged.

Then, once the students actually got onto the devices, they were distracted.

“We are here to develop their concentration, to develop their attention and these skills are very important. And when you give a screen to a teenager you can be sure that he doesn’t hear you and doesn’t listen to you – he’s focused on the screen,” says Christophe.

Screen break

Students themselves admit to wanting a break from screens, especially when they already take up much of their leisure time.

Charles, a first-year student who is in an elective management course with Christophe, says he spends hours on his computer at home playing video games, to the point of forgetting to do homework. He tries to avoid his tablet at school.

“It’s my screen-free time. I just don’t want to have a screen around me for school, so I can be more focused,” he says.

His classmate Carlette says he realised several years ago that his phone was taking up too much of his time, and tried to limit himself.

“I kind of put myself on a screen-time control,” he said. “And I noticed it’s better, in the way I socialise.”

He finds he manages to use his time better with less time on his phone.

Using tech mindfully

In the class, teacher Christophe leads a vocabulary exercise, where students fill in words from a scene they have watched from a television show – projected onto a shared screen at the front of the room – on a piece of paper.

“When they work in class, they do it on paper. They have to focus on the document,” he explains. “It’s easy for me to check they are doing the exercise, and to help students who have trouble.”

Christophe co-founded a collective a year ago calling for a joined-up approach to using technology in schools, amid mixed messages coming to students, parents and teachers.

Then and still today, lawmakers were grappling with the issue of screens – both in and out of education.

To ban or to back?

At the end of 2023, then Education Minister Gabriel Attal started talking about the serious health risks of screens and social media to young people.

More than once, he called young people using screens at home a potential “health catastrophe”.

Such caution resulted in a trial ban on personal smartphones in several schools at the start of the latest term.

Yet schools have equally been encouraged to embrace technology, even as uptake has proved variable.

While broad frameworks are set by the Ministry of Education, decisions about material, including screens and textbooks, are made locally – by French regions for middle and high schools, and by cities for primary schools.

This means there are vast differences across the country. Statistics show that there were 24 tablets and other mobile devices per student in high school classrooms in 2022, which suggests many regions do not have any.

In primary school, there is an average of four desktop computers per hundred students, and no mobile devices.

Defining a balance

In April, President Emmanuel Macron received an expert report he had commissioned on the use of screens by young people, which recommended limits on screens, smartphones and social media.

It highlighted the fact that decentralised policy-making undermines a unified approach to screens in schools. And it warned that consistency in and out of school is key.

“The strategies used in schools must be coherent with the messages sent from elsewhere to parents,” the report said.

Christophe, the high school teacher, agrees. “Parents say, ‘don’t use your screen’, and at school, ‘use your screen’,” he says. “It’s not logical, it’s hard to understand. We need a clear message.”

For him and his collective, the key is to strike the right balance between helping students focus on schoolwork and learning how to use computers responsibly.

Students “need digital skills and we think it’s necessary to have a class with computers so they can learn how to use Word, to use how to organise their files, how to use the internet”, he says.

“We want classes with digital tools, to learn digital abilities. But we don’t want the use of digital tools as a way to study other subjects.”

This story was first published on 20 October 2024 and appears as part of our review of the year.

More on this story on the Spotlight on France podcast, episode 117. Listen here.

France’s highest appeals court on Wednesday confirmed a verdict against Nicolas Sarkozy for corruption and influence peddling, ordering him to wear an electronic tag for a year – a first for a former head of state.

In 2021, the former president was found guilty of having attempted – with his lawyer Thierry Herzog – to obtain information from a high-ranking magistrate on an appeal to the Supreme Court that he had lodged in the so-called Bettencourt affair, in exchange for a judicial position in Monaco.

In May 2023, Sarkozy was sentenced on appeal to three years’ imprisonment, including one year to be served wearing an electronic tag, for corruption and influence peddling.

Ex-president Sarkozy to wear electronic tag as court upholds corruption conviction

And heading into the new year, Sarkozy’s legal challenges are far from over, as he faces trial over the accusations around Libyan financing of his successful 2007 presidential campaign.

It is alleged that Libyan dictator Muammar Kadhafi, who was assassinated in 2011, bankrolled the campaign, allegedly forging a clandestine pact with Sarkozy when he was then minister of the interior.

This alleged agreement promised Gaddafi diplomatic leverage in exchange for electoral support – “a fable” according to Sarkozy.

Despite investigations going back more than a decade, concrete evidence of such financing – estimated at several million euros – has remained elusive.

Yet, the prosecution has suggested that external contributions, primarily from Libya, could have similarly inflated Sarkozy’s 2012 election campaign fund.

The trial, scheduled from 6 January to 10 April, 2025, involves Sarkozy and 12 others, including former ministers Claude Guéant and Brice Hortefeux.

If found guilty, he faces 10 years in prison, a ban on holding office for five years and a €375,000 fine.

Bygmalion, Libya, Bismuth: the trials and tribulations of Nicolas Sarkozy

‘Saving Sarkozy’

Allegations of fraudulent manoeuvers in order to have the accusations of Libyan financing retracted add another layer to Sarkozy’s judicial woes.

Dubbed the “Saving Sarkozy” operation, these allegations involve several suspects, including media figures and intermediaries known for previous fraudulent activities.

Investigations are also probing Sarkozy’s consultancy business with Russian oligarchs and suspected influence peddling, alongside a controversial meeting concerning the award of the 2022 World Cup to Qatar.

Despite these legal challenges, Sarkozy has seen certain inquiries closed, such as those concerning private jet trips and financial irregularities in the 2012 campaign. 

Bruni-Sarkozy charged with witness tampering in cash for husband’s campaign case

Excessive expenses

On 14 February this year, the former head of state was sentenced on appeal for illegal campaign financing to one year’s imprisonment, including six months under electronic monitoring, in the Bygmalion affair, over the excessive expenses of his failed 2012 presidential re-election campaign.

Here too, the former president appealed to the French Supreme Court in November, but a date for hearing the has not yet been set.

PSG and Espaly needed penalty shoot-outs to progress to the tie. PSG, who beat Lyon in May to claim the 2024 crown, came from behind to overcome top flight Lens after the match ended 1-1.

Gonçalo Ramos cancelled out M’Bala Nzola’s 66th minute opener for the hosts at the Stade Denis-Bollaert.

And goalkeeper Matvey Safanov provided the heroics during the spot kicks. The Russian, vilified for his clumsiness during the Champions League defeat at Bayern Munich, saved two shots to keep PSG on track for a record-extending 16th Coupe de France crown. 

“When the team shows the character to come back from a goal down and win on penalties, I’m very happy,” PSG boss Luis Enrique told the French broadcaster beIN Sports. “It was a difficult game but wins like this strengthens the team’s spirit. I definitely like the team’s attitude. It’s a good way to end the year.”

On Friday night, at the Stade du Viouzou Espaly saw off third division Dijon 4-3 in a penalty shoot-out after the game ended 1-1.

The standout tie in the last-32 features top flight sides Marseille and Lille. Other all-Ligue 1 clashes pit Reims against Monaco and Brest against Nantes.

Friday evening’s attack in the central city of Magdeburg shocked the country and stirred up tensions over the charged issue of immigration.

The suspect, who was in custody, is a 50-year-old psychiatrist from Saudi Arabia with a history of anti-Islamic rhetoric who has lived in Germany for almost two decades.

The motive for the attack remains unclear.

There were scuffles and some “minor disturbances” at a far-right demonstration attended by around 2,100 people on Saturday night in Magdeburg, police said.

They added that criminal proceedings would follow, but did not give details.

Protesters, some wearing black balaclavas, held up a large banner with the word “remigration”, a term popular with supporters of the far right who seek the mass deportation of immigrants and people deemed not ethnically German.

Other residents gathered to pay their respects to the dead.

A magistrate has ordered the suspect – identified in German media as Taleb A. – into pretrial custody on charges of murder on five counts as well as multiple counts of attempted murder and grievous bodily harm, police said in a statement.

Those killed were a nine-year-old boy and four women, the police statement said.

Among the wounded, around 40 have serious or critical injuries.

Authorities said the suspected attacker used emergency exit points to drive onto the grounds of the Christmas market, where he picked up speed and ploughed into the crowds, hitting more than 200 people in a three-minute attack.

He was arrested at the scene.

German authorities have not named the suspect and German media reports have given his name only as Taleb A. in keeping with local privacy laws.

France ‘shares the pain of the German people’ as death toll from Christmas market attack rises

Motive unclear

As authorities investigated a possible motive, the Magdeburg prosecutor, Horst Nopens, said on Saturday that one possible factor could be what he called the suspect’s frustration with Germany’s handling of Saudi refugees.

The suspect had been strongly critical of Islam in the past and had appeared in a number of media interviews in 2019 reporting on his work helping Saudi Arabians who had turned their back on Islam to flee to Europe.

He had also voiced support on social media platform X for the far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD) party and for US billionaire Elon Musk, who has backed the AfD.

The AfD has strong support in the former East Germany where Magdeburg is located. Opinion polls put it in second place nationally ahead of elections in February.

Its members, including the candidate for chancellor Alice Weidel, planned a rally in Magdeburg on Monday evening.

Saudi Arabia had repeatedly flagged to Germany concerns over posts on the suspect’s social media, according to a Saudi source and a German security source.

The Christian Democrats, Germany’s main opposition party, and the Free Democrats, who were part of the coalition government until its collapse last month, called for improvements to Germany’s security apparatus, including better coordination between federal and state authorities.

“The background must be clarified. But above all, we must do more to prevent such offences, especially as there were obviously specific warnings and tips in this case that were ignored,” Sahra Wagenknecht, leader of the leftist BSW party, told the Welt newspaper.

The BSW, a new political party with far-left roots, has also condemned unchecked immigration and has gained considerable support ahead of the 23 February election.

Chancellor Olaf Scholz, whose Social Democrats are trailing in opinion polls, attended a service for victims in Magdeburg’s cathedral on Saturday.

France’s new Prime Minister Francois Bayrou, appointed on 13 December, is racing to name a new government by Christmas, with news of his cabinet picks eagerly expected.

Meanwhile, France will observe a national day of mourning on Monday for the victims of the disaster in the Indian Ocean archipelago of Mayotte, where at least 35 people were killed – a death toll the authorities have warned could soar.

Bayrou, the 73-year-old head of the centrist MoDem group, which is allied to Macron’s party, pressed ahead with consultations over the weekend.

“We are making progress,” Marc Fesneau of the MoDem group said in an interview with La Tribune Dimanche economics weekly, confirming that the full makeup of the government should be presented “in one go” and “before Christmas”.

Bayrou’s most immediate priority is to make sure his government survives a no-confidence vote and passes a budget for next year.

He is hoping to bring in high-profile figures from the left, right and centre in a bid to protect his government from possible censure.

Earlier this month the far right and left wing joined forces to eject Bayrou’s predecessor, Michel Barnier, from office, making his the shortest stint as prime minister in France’s Fifth Republic, which began in 1958.

France has been mired in deadlock since Macron gambled on snap elections this summer in the hopes of bolstering his authority. The move backfired, with voters returning a parliament fractured between three rival blocs.

Many commentators are already predicting Bayrou’s premiership will be short-lived.

Bayrou is the sixth prime minister of Macron’s mandate, and the fourth of 2024.

Each has served for a shorter period than the last.

François Bayrou named French prime minister as Macron seeks stability

Historically low rating

Bayrou has endured a tumultuous first week as premier, not least after facing a barrage of criticism for attending a town hall meeting in the Pyrenees city of Pau, of which he remains mayor, while Mayotte was grappling with the catastrophic aftermath of Cyclone Chido.

Even before Bayrou has properly started his job, a new poll carried out by Ifop for the French weekly Journal du Dimanche found 66 percent of respondents were unhappy with his performance.

Only 34 percent said they were satisfied or very satisfied with their new head of government.

Going back decades to 1959, Ifop said it had not seen such a low rating for a prime minister getting started in the job.

Bayrou has warned of the peril ahead if his government falls.

“If we fail in this attempt, then this is the last stop before the cliff,” he said.

French lawmakers oust Prime Minister Barnier after just three months in office

Michel Barnier was brought down over his failure to win support for a budget to shore up France’s shaky finances with spending cuts and tax rises to reduce the deficit.

Hard-left firebrand Jean-Luc Melenchon of the France Unbowed party has vowed to table a motion of no confidence when Bayrou gives a policy speech to parliament on 14 January.

Earlier last week Socialist Party leader Olivier Faure said he was disappointed by his meeting with Bayrou, adding he was “appalled at the poverty” of what had been proposed.

Under the medical cannabis trial, rolled out in March 2021, patients suffering from serious pathologies were prescribed active cannabis-derived substances in the form of essential oils to be taken orally, or of cannabis flowers for vaping.

The experiement was due to end on 31 December 2024, but at a meeting on Thursday between patient associations and the health authorities, the Ministry of Health gave the green light for it to run for a further six months, FranceInfo reported. 

The extension will be granted only “with a view to weaning patients off the drug or finding alternatives”, the resigning Health Minister, Geneviève Darrieussecq, wrote in the letter enabling the decision.

Patients hopeful for France’s medical cannabis experiment

Cannabis is banned  in France, even for medical purposes, but patients associations have long been lobbying to get it cleared for use to relieve chronic pain.

At the time of the launch, doctor and pharmacologist Nicolas Authier told RFI the experiment was a “rather unique” way of administering medication. 

But he said the experiment was necessary given there remained strong opposition in parliament to a change in the law, despite a growing majority of French people supporting its legalisation.

Medical cannabis is legal in 33 countries, with South American nations leading the way.

Uruguay was the first to legalise it and, along with the Netherlands, Canada and Israel, supplies much of the cannabis oil used in medical treatments.

“My father was enslaved and he obeyed … everything they (enslavers) told him to do he did,” Costa said at her home in Santos, the coastal Brazilian city where her father ended up after the brutal voyage across the Atlantic.

From the 16th to the 19th century, Brazil received around five million enslaved Africans, more than any other country. Most were forcibly transported in inhumane conditions from Angola, in West Africa, aboard Portuguese vessels.

The organisers of “A Grande Travessia”, or the Great Passage, are seeking to charter a cruise ship to depart from Santos and stop in Rio de Janeiro and Salvador before making its way to Luanda, Angola‘s capital.

Artistic exchange between Brazil and Angola aims to reclaim colonial ties

Dagoberto Jose Fonseca, 63, a professor at Sao Paulo’s State University UNESP, is the mastermind behind the cruise, which is planned for 1 to 21 December 2025.

“We want to resume the maritime routes of the past to build another future,” Fonseca said.

Fonseca has been in talks with Angolan and Brazilian authorities, who support the initiative, and with cruise companies. Financial support will be required to charter the cruise ship.

Anielle Franco, Brazil’s minister of racial equality, said the project was aligned with the government’s “Rotas Negras” or Black Routes programme, which promotes tourism that values Afro-Brazilian history and culture.

‘Rebuild past’

The project envisages inviting around 2,000 passengers, including students, academics, business people, descendants of those enslaved and leaders of Afro-Brazilian religions.

Planned activities onboard include workshops, roundtables, networking opportunities and tributes to the over 2.5 million who lost their lives in the gruelling “Middle Passage”.

“My expectation is to learn about my past,” said Mary Francisca do Careno, one of the black academics set to go on the cruise, who said she hopes the trip would provide answers to questions she has about her heritage.

Afonso Vita, an Angolan expert on slavery heritage tourism, said the cruise would help his country confront its past and accused former coloniser Portugal of trying to avoid the topic.

“The country that colonised us, Portugal, never had any interest in seeing this history, which tarnishes its image, discussed publicly,” Vita said.

How Portugal’s Carnation Revolution changed the fate of its colonies in Africa

Earlier this year, Portugal’s President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa said his country was responsible for crimes committed during transatlantic slavery and the colonial era, and suggested there was a need for reparations.

But the Portuguese government has rejected initiating any reparation process.

Both Vita and Fonseca urged the Portuguese government to get involved in the cruise project.

Portugal’s economy ministry, which oversees tourism, did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

Organisers see the cruise as part of a wider movement fighting for reparations over transatlantic slavery and European colonialism.

How could countries finance reparations for historical injustices?

The debate over whether there should be reparations to address historical wrongs and their legacies is long-standing and remains highly divisive, but support for reparations has been gaining momentum worldwide.

“A project such as this … invites us to reflect on reparations, as well as on the recognition and strengthening of the identity of black people,” Brazil’s Franco said.

An apt moment indeed in the Moroccan city to muse on the slings and arrows of footballing fortune. 

In September 2020, just over 18 months after leaving the English Premier League team Everton for a five-year contract with the German outfit RB Leipzig, Lookman was back in England’s top flight playing on loan for Fulham.

In August 2021, he joined Leicester City on loan and a year later he signed for Gian Piero Gasperini’s all-action Atalanta side in Italy’s Serie A. 

“For those of us who have seen him in the Premier League, he really didn’t look great for Everton for all of the three years he was there,” said Jonathan Wilson, editor of the football magazine The Blizzard.

“And then he went to Fulham where he’s most famous for a terrible penalty miss, an attempted Panenka that went wrong. At Leicester, again, he’s OK. It’s a half a dozen goals, but it’s only really under Gasperini that he’s really taken off.”

Lookman travelled with the Nigeria squad to the delayed 2023 Africa Cup of Nations in Cote d’Ivoire as one of the sideshows to star striker Victor Osimhen who justified the hype with the equaliser in the 1-1 draw against Equatorial Guinea in Nigeria’s opening game in Group A.

Skipper William Ekong blasted home the winner from the penalty spot in the second pool game against hosts Cote d’Ivoire and an own-goal gave them victory against Guinea Bissau to take Nigeria through to the knockout stages.

With sudden death roving the firmament, Lookman came alive. He bagged a brace in the last-16 defeat of Cameroon. And he scored the only goal of the game in the quarter-final against Angola.

“He fully deserves the award,” said Angola coach Pedro Gonçalves munificently. “Unfortunately we were at the wrong end of his ability during the Cup of Nations and were knocked out of the competition.

“I didn’t really know of him before he went to Fulham – that’s when I first saw him. He has developed into a tremendous player.”

Though Cote d’Ivoire outwitted the Nigerians in the final, Lookman emerged from the Cup of Nations in the team of the tournament and with his own reputation enhanced.

A few months later, he wrote himself a page in Atalanta’s and European football folklore with all of his side’s goals in the 3-0 defeat against a hitherto unbeaten Bayer Leverkusen in the Europa League final.

It was Atalanta’s first European title in their 117-year history as Lookman became only the sixth player to score a hat trick in the final of a European club competition.

Wilson added: “I understand that people – whether they’re Premier League viewers or whether they’re Nigerians hadn’t quite taken him seriously.

“We didn’t quite realise how good he was because really the form he’s showing has only come since his time at Atalanta. The scepticism has been entirely reasonable.”

Winning the player of the year title is likely to fuel rumours that the Londoner might be on his way back to the Premier League.

“I hope that at least he sees out this season with Atalanta,” Wilson added. “Just because I think this season really could be extraordinary for Atalanta. They’re at the top of the Serie A table at the moment and it’s not impossible that they win Serie A for the first time. And why would you as a footballer not want to be part of that?

“I remember after the Europa League final, Lookman was very clear on what he owed Gasperini. I think he’s very aware that Gasperini has unlocked something in him or provided him with the environment where he can produce this form.

“So I don’t think he’s sort of looking down on Atalanta in any way. But there is an economic reality there that Atalanta cannot pay as much as the biggest teams like PSG, Manchester United or Chelsea.

“After three years in Italy, I think that’s fair. I think that’s a reasonable career progression to then move to a United or a Chelsea.”

On a national team level, Nigeria’s place at the 2025 Cup of Nations in Morocco has been secured but they face an array of tricky encounters in their push to qualify for the 2026 World Cup in the United States, Canada and Mexico.

After four of the 10 qualifying games, Nigeria lie in fifth place in Group C with three points.

Cote d’Ivoire, who claimed the Cup of Nations under Emerse Faé, head their 2026 World Cup qualifying pool with 10 points from a possible 12.

Both Faé and the national side were hailed at the same awards ceremony as Lookman as the coach of the year and team of the year respectively for their exploits at the Cup of Nations.

“These things are always subjective,” Wilson added. “I never am sure how seriously we should take them. I’m never entirely clear what they’re meant to be rewarding but I don’t think any of the awards that have been given stick out as being obviously wrong.

“You know, I think Lookman has been brilliant. No complaints about him winning it. Equally Emerse Faé and equally Cote d’Ivoire, they’ve all had exceptional years. You could make a case for other people but I don’t think you can really complain about these winners.”

French President Emmanuel Macron has expressed his “profound shock” at a tragic ramming attack at a German Christmas market, voicing his solidarity with Germany in their time of grief.

The incident, which took place on Friday evening in the town of Magdeburg, claimed the lives of at least five individuals – including a young child – and has left over 200 injured.

Posting on X, Macron remarked: “I share the pain of the German people.”

A 50-year-old Saudi man, who has reportedly been living and working in Germany as a doctor for over 20 years, was apprehended at the scene in connection with the attack.

The governor of Saxony-Anhalt, Reiner Haseloff, confirmed that the initial death toll of two had risen to five and highlighted the severity of the injuries sustained by nearly 200 individuals, with Chancellor Olaf Scholz noting that 40 are in a critical condition.

Saudi suspect in custody

Media outlets have reportedly identified the suspect as Taleb A., a former psychiatrist known for his anti-Islam rhetoric on social media.

The former Muslim allegedly criticised Islam and supported far-right, anti-immigrant sentiments, including those of the Alternative for Germany (AfD) party.

His online activities portrayed him as an advocate for Saudi women fleeing oppression, and he was vocal about his theory that German authorities mistreat Saudi asylum seekers.

The attack has stunned Germany, prompting grief and fear in a country already familiar with extremist violence.

Such incidents have led to heightened security measures in Christmas markets across Germany.

Nine dead in ‘xenophobic’ Germany bar shootings

French probe Berlin killers’ travels

Security reinforced across Germany

Law enforcement, following rigorous precautions, have maintained a strong presence around the vicinity of the attack, securing the area with officers and police vans stationed at regular intervals.

Verified footage captured the suspect’s arrest at a tram stop, where armed police quickly detained him.

Chancellor Scholz and Interior Minister Nancy Faeser visited Magdeburg, around 150km west of Berlin, on Saturday in a show of support.

A memorial service was arranged at the city cathedral, and flags were ordered to fly at half-mast as a mark of respect for the victims.

The tragedy has rekindled painful memories of past extremist attacks in Germany, most notably the 2016 truck attack in Berlin’s Christmas market, which claimed 12 lives and injured 56 more.

Christelle Clairville named her gallery after her great-grandfather, a cabinet maker who she admired for his creative spirit. Now, after just three years, she has 20 artists under her wing.

Clairville is on a mission to change perceptions of Caribbean art, often seen as little more than colourful or exotic, inviting viewers to question stereotypes and rethink cultural symbols. 

“I worked in the start-up ecosystem for 10 years, and in each company I was going to I was hearing the same nonsense about my home island,” she told RFI. “People were saying we were maybe a bit slower, or studying in the West Indies might be easier than studying in mainland France. I was unaware of this way of thinking until now, and at some point I decided I could show something different from the Caribbean.”

She was delighted when her first time at the annual Also Known as Africa (AKAA) contemporary art fair in Paris in October coincided with this year’s theme of Caribbean art and its links to the African diaspora.

Artists join scientists at sea to unveil mysteries of marine life

Caribbean connections

“I created Maison Gaston as a Creole art house and I really intend to find artists with a connection to the Caribbean, whether they lived there or have been living there or they have roots there.”

She now represents around 20 artists and designers who, each in their own way, “question the relationship with the world as islanders, and who explore the racial interactions inherited from history”.

Clairville chose to showcase two artists in particular at AKAA – sculptor Florence Gossec, who shares a family connection with Guadeloupe, and painter Alain Joséphine from Martinique.

The theme of “lush vegetation” links the artists, with Gossec’s country flowers rendered in delicate brass sitting beside Joséphine’s bright, breezy abstract pieces.

‘Platform for discovery’

Gossec’s work caught Clairville’s eye three years ago in Orléans, just south of Paris, where the artist has her workshop. Although her father is from Guadeloupe, Gossec has only been there twice in her life.

While the artist says she’s not obviously influenced by her heritage, Clairville feels differently. She sees “a resonance, an echo of the West Indies” in Gossec’s work – a deep connection to nature, which she feels is one of the strengths of Creole art.

The concept for Maison Gaston may have been born in Guadeloupe, but the project has its sights set on the Caribbean diaspora worldwide thanks to the fact that it is an online operation. With no fixed gallery space, Clairville travels from place to place to promote the works.

Artist’s quest to honour hidden heroes of fight against French slavery

Building bridges

For Victoria Mann, founder of AKAA, it was important to take “the notion of geography out of the equation” and focus on creating “a platform for discovery”.

Rather than include artists because they’re from a certain country, AKAA aims to draw out the links claimed by each artist to the African continent through their practice, be it via history, heritage, memory or lineage, Mann explained.

“That is what we love about having the public come once a year into this space, to show things we haven’t seen before. The art scene from the Caribbean is not well known, even art from the French territories is not well known, so for us it was a beautiful opportunity,” she added.

Tripping the light fantastic as art meets dance at hybrid exhibition

For Clairville, art and beauty are powerful tools with which to pique people’s interest in the Caribbean region.

“For me art is a way to build bridges between two people. It’s a way to create compassion and understanding, because when they are moved by the work, then they will see the artist and the islands differently.”

Pogba, 31, has been linked with several clubs since the Italian giants Juventus said last month that they no longer wanted his services when his punishment ends next March.

The Fatal Model agency said on social media that it was in talks with Corinthians to land the midfielder.

“Can you imagine seeing the French star wearing the Timão shirt?” said the message referring to one of the club’s nicknames. “Our proposal is to help make this dream come true.”

The club, founded in 1910 by five railway workers who saw a game of London-based Corinthian FC during their tour of Brazil, has become one of the most successful sides in the country.

On Tuesday, club executives confirmed they had been contacted by the agency.

“No negotiations are underway,” said a post on social media. “The club thanks the company for its interest,” it added.

Pogba rose to prominence at Manchester United as a teenager but frustrated by his lack of opportunities he moved to Juventus in 2012.

During his four years in the Italian top flight he won eight trophies including four Serie A titles. He returned to Manchester United in 2016 for a world record transfer fee of 105 million euros.

In his first season back in north-western England, he won the League Cup and the Europa League.

Return

In 2018, he was a key feature in the France side that surged to glory at the World Cup in Russia. His sumptuous strike gave France a 3-1 lead in the 4-2 victory over Croatia in the final.

Three years later, he hoisted more silverware after France won the 2021 Nations League.

Pogba moved back to Juventus in the summer of 2022 but his second turn in Turin was instantly blighted by a series of injuries before he was suspended in September 2023 for failing a drugs test on 20 August after a Serie A match against Udinese.

The Italian Anti-Doping National Tribunal slapped a four-year ban on Pogba in February 2024 but it was reduced to 18 months at the Court of Arbitration for Sport.

Pogba can officially resume training next month and play competitively from March.

Claire Tabouret, 43, has been chosen to create contemporary stained-glass windows for the newly reopened Notre-Dame de Paris cathedral, in collaboration with Reims-based glassmaking studio Simon-Marq.

The initiative, which is being supported by President Emmanuel Macron and Archbishop of Paris Mgr Laurent Ulrich, aims to leave “a contemporary mark on the iconic building”, which was devastated by fire in 2019 and has since been fully restored. 

From ashes to innovation: 3D scanning powers Notre-Dame’s restoration

The new stained-glass windows are set to replace six of the seven windows on the south aisle of the cathedral, originally designed by 19th-century architect Eugène Viollet-le-Duc.

A joint statement from the Elysée and the Paris Diocese highlighted “the exceptional artistic quality of the proposal and its architectural integration – particularly its harmony with the stained-glass window depicting the Tree of Jesse (1864), which remains in place in one of the chapels of the same aisle”.

Tabouret, who is based in Los Angeles, expressed her excitement at “the opportunity to use her art for unity,” especially “in an era marked by wars, divisions and extreme tensions”.

Shortlist

Following the signing of the contract with the public institution in charge of rebuilding Notre-Dame, a six-month study period is planned, followed by a year and a half for the execution of the windows, expected to be in place by late 2026

Eight artists, including Daniel Buren and Yan Pei-Ming, were shortlisted after a call for applications in April, which attracted 110 teams. The selection committee of 20 members included heritage curators, artists, members of the Paris Diocese, the public institution overseeing the restoration and the Ministry of Culture.

French stained glass museum reflects past and present art

Opposition to the project

However, a group of heritage defenders – led by Didier Rykner, head of the La Tribune de l’Art website – have opposed the project, on the basis that the original stained-glass windows were not damaged in the fire.

They have launched a petition, which has garnered nearly 245,000 signatures.

The Sites & Monuments heritage preservation group plans to take legal action, which will only be possible once a work permit for the project has been granted.

Julien Lacaze, president of the organisation, said: “These stained-glass windows are important for the architecture and will disappear, even though there are white glass panels in the north and south belfries that could accommodate contemporary stained-glass.”

The contemporary project has also faced opposition from the National Heritage and Architecture Commission, though its opinion is advisory. The commission has previously opposed other now-iconic projects, including the Louvre Pyramid and Buren’s black and white columns at the Palais-Royal.

Notre-Dame de Paris reopened on 7 December, after a monumental five-year restoration.

Notre-Dame de Paris holds first mass after five-year restoration

(with AFP)

On Friday, a French court handed heavy sentences to several men convicted of having played a role in the jihadist beheading of schoolteacher Samuel Paty in 2020 – a murder that horrified France.

47-year-old Paty was murdered in October 2020 by an 18-year-old Islamist radical of Chechen origin after showing cartoons of the Prophet Mohammed in class.

His killer, Abdoullakh Anzorov, died in a shootout with police.

Two friends of Anzorov, Naim Boudaoud and Azim Epsirkhanov were convicted of complicity in the killing and jailed for 16 years.

Prosecutors had accused them of having given Anzorov logistical support, including to buy weapons.

Epsirkhanov admitted he had received €800 from his fellow Chechen Anzorov to find him a real gun but had not succeeded.

Prosecutors said Boudaoud had accompanied Anzorov to buy two replica guns and steel pellets on the day of the attack.

French prosecutors charge two pupils, five adults over slain teacher

Lies spread online

Two other defendants who took part in the hate campaign against Paty before his murder were convicted of terrorist criminal association. 

Brahim Chnina, the 52-year-old Moroccan father of a schoolgirl who falsely claimed that Paty had asked Muslim students to leave his classroom before showing the caricatures, was jailed for 13 years.

His daughter, then aged 13, was not actually in the classroom at the time and earlier in the trial apologised to her former teacher’s family.

Abdelhakim Sefrioui, a 65-year-old Franco-Moroccan Islamist activist, was jailed for 15 years.

Chnina had posted messages and videos attacking Paty online.

Sefrioui, founder of a now-banned pro-Hamas group, had denounced Paty as a “thug” in another video.

He and Chnina spread the teenager’s lies on social networks with the aim, according to prosecutors, to provoke “a feeling of hatred” to prepare the way for “several crimes”.

Chnina spoke to Anzorov nine times by telephone over a four-day period after he published videos criticising Paty, the investigation showed.

But Sefrioui had told investigators he was only seeking “administrative sanctions”.

“Nobody is saying that they wanted Samuel Paty to die,” prosecutor Nicholas Braconnay had told the court.

“But by lighting thousands of fuses online, they knew that one of them would lead to jihadist violence against the blasphemous teacher”.

The other four defendants – part of a network of jihadist sympathisers around Anzorov spreading inflammatory content online – were also convicted, receiving either jail or suspended sentences.

Student admits to lying over claims of Islamophobia against beheaded teacher

Paty ‘died for nothing’

Paty, who has become a free-speech icon, had used the cartoons, first published in Charlie Hebdo magazine, as part of an ethics class to discuss freedom of expression laws in France.

Blasphemy is legal in a nation that prides itself on its secular values, and there is a long history of cartoons mocking religious figures.

In November, seven men and one woman went on trial, charged with contributing to the climate of hatred that led to the beheading of the history and geography teacher in Conflans-Sainte-Honorine, west of Paris.

The case was heard by a court panel of professional judges in a trial that lasted seven weeks.

Before the court’s ruling came on Friday, the Paty’s family had accused the prosecution of leniency.

Prosecutors had requested that some of the accused be acquitted, and had disputed the “terrorist intent” of the defendants.

Paty’s sister Mickaelle told BFMTV that the demands by prosecutors were “very weak”, saying she feared that these would be confirmed by the court.

“I think my brother died for nothing,” she said, adding that teachers were still being targeted by violence and threats.

Paty’s killing took place just weeks after Charlie Hebdo republished the cartoons, which originally appeared in 2015.

After the magazine first published them, Islamist gunmen stormed its offices, killing 12 people.

The Syrian National Army, supported by Turkish air power, is pushing against the US-supported People’s Defense Units (YPG), which Ankara claims is linked to the Kurdistan Workers’ Party, the PKK, which has been fighting Turkey for decades. 

The YPG controls a large swathe of Syria bordering Turkey, which Ankara says poses a security threat.

Turkish foreign minister Hakan Fidan says Turkey is determined to prevent the YPG and its affiliate the PKK from exploiting a power vacuum following the fall of former Syrian president Bashar al-Assad.

As Erdogan celebrates Turkish role in ousting Assad, uncertainty lies ahead

“We are in communication with the groups to make sure that terrorist organisations, especially Daesh [Islamic State] and the PKK, are not taking advantage of the situation,” he said. “Turkey is committed to continuing the fight against terrorism. All minorities – non-Muslims, Christians, non-Arabs, Kurds – should be treated equally.”

Opportunity for Ankara

Ever since the YPG took over control of the Syrian territory at the beginning of the Syrian civil war, Ankara has been seeking to remove it. 

With the ousting of the Assad regime and the withdrawal of its Iranian and Russian backers, which had in the past blocked Turkish military interventions, analysts say Ankara now sees an opportunity to finally remove the YPG threat.

“The current situation creates an opportunity for its [Turkey’s] fight against PKK and YPG because there is now no Russia, there is no Iran,” explains Bilgehan Alagoz, a professor of international relations at Istanbul’s Marmara University.

“Turkey was facing the Russian forces, the Iranian forces, and Assad’s regime forces while it was combatting the PKK and YPG,” she added. “We can name it as an opportunity for its fight against PKK and YPG.”

Success of rebel groups in Syria advances Turkish agenda

However, the YPG is still being supported by a small US military force, as part of the war against the Islamic State (IS). The YPG is also detaining thousands of IS militants.

‘The Euphrates is a line’

With the Turkish-backed Syrian National Army now approaching the Euphrates River, analysts say further eastward advances could put Ankara on a collision course with both Washington, and Syria’s new rulers – Hayat Tahrir al-Sham, or HTS. 

“The Euphrates now is like a line perhaps for the US military,” explains Aydin Selcen, a former senior Turkish diplomat who served in the region and is now a foreign policy analyst for Turkey’s independent Medyascope news outlet.

“If that [military advance] goes on as such, it could bring Turkey indirectly head to head with the US, with even perhaps HTS, and it could put Ankara in a delicate diplomatic position again,” warned Selcen.

Tensions with Israel

The Israeli military’s advance into Syria is adding to Ankara’s concerns over the threat posed by the PYG and its political wing, the Democratic Union Party (PYD). Israeli foreign minister Gideon Saar last month described the Kurds as a “natural ally” of Israel, a comment that came amid growing Israeli-Turkish tensions.

Turkey seeks Gaza ceasefire role despite US criticism over Hamas ties

“Israel is now carving out a corridor [in Syria] between the PKK/PYD-controlled territories, and its own territories,” explained Hasan Unal, a professor of international relations at Ankara’s Baskent University.

“That suggests that this is what they [Israel] are trying to do – [to create] a Kurdish puppet state east of the Euphrates. And this is something that is likely to create lots of problems with Turkey,” he added.

With Israel’s presence in Syria, Ankara is likely to step up pressure on the YPG, and on the incoming Trump administration to end US military presence in Syria.

Hello everyone! Welcome to The Sound Kitchen weekly podcast, published every Saturday – here on our website, or wherever you get your podcasts. You’ll hear the winner’s names announced and the week’s quiz question, along with all the other ingredients you’ve grown accustomed to: your letters and essays, “On This Day”, quirky facts and news, interviews, and great music … so be sure and listen every week.

The RFI English team is pleased to announce that Saleem Akhtar Chadhar, the president of the RFI Seven Stars Listening Club in District Chiniot, Pakistan, won the RFI / Planète Radio ePOP video contest, in the RFI Clubs category. Bravo Saleem! Mubarak ho!

Erwan and I are busy cooking up special shows with your music requests, so get them in! Send your music requests to thesoundkitchen@rfi.fr  Tell us why you like the piece of music, too – it makes it more interesting for us all!

Facebook: Be sure to send your photos to thesoundkitchen@rfi.fr for the RFI English Listeners Forum banner!

More tech news: Did you know we have a YouTube channel? Just go to YouTube and write “RFI English” in the search bar, and there we are! Be sure to subscribe to see all our videos.

Would you like to learn French? RFI is here to help you!

Our website “Le Français facile avec RFI” has news broadcasts in slow, simple French, as well as bilingual radio dramas (with real actors!) and exercises to practice what you have heard.

Go to our website and get started! At the top of the page, click on “Test level”. According to your score, you’ll be counselled to the best-suited activities for your level.

Do not give up! As Lidwien van Dixhoorn, the head of “Le Français facile” service told me: “Bathe your ears in the sound of the language, and eventually, you’ll get it.” She should know – Lidwien is Dutch and came to France hardly able to say “bonjour” and now she heads this key RFI department – so stick with it!

Be sure you check out our wonderful podcasts!

In addition to the news articles on our site, with in-depth analysis of current affairs in France and across the globe, we have several podcasts that will leave you hungry for more.

There’s Spotlight on France, Spotlight on Africa, The International Report, and of course, The Sound Kitchen. We also have an award-winning bilingual series – an old-time radio show, with actors (!) to help you learn French, called Les voisins du 12 bis. 

Remember, podcasts are radio, too! As you see, sound is still quite present in the RFI English service. Please keep checking our website for updates on the latest from our journalists. You never know what we’ll surprise you with!

To listen to our podcasts from your PC, go to our website; you’ll see “Podcasts” at the top of the page. You can either listen directly or subscribe and receive them directly on your mobile phone.

To listen to our podcasts from your mobile phone, slide through the tabs just under the lead article (the first tab is “Headline News”) until you see “Podcasts”, and choose your show. 

Teachers take note! I save postcards and stamps from all over the world to send to you for your students. If you would like stamps and postcards for your students, just write and let me know. The address is english.service@rfi.fr  If you would like to donate stamps and postcards, feel free! Our address is listed below. 

Another idea for your students: Br. Gerald Muller, my beloved music teacher from St. Edward’s University in Austin, Texas, has been writing books for young adults in his retirement – and they are free! There is a volume of biographies of painters and musicians called Gentle Giants, and an excellent biography of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., too. They are also a good way to help you improve your English – that’s how I worked on my French, reading books that were meant for young readers – and I guarantee you, it’s a good method for improving your language skills. To get Br. Gerald’s free books, click here.

Independent RFI English Clubs: Be sure to always include Audrey Iattoni (audrey.iattoni@rfi.fr) from our Listener Relations department in your RFI Club correspondence. Remember to copy me (thesoundkitchen@rfi.fr) when you write to her so that I know what is going on, too. N.B.: You do not need to send her your quiz answers! Email overload!

We have a new RFI Listeners Club member to welcome: Himangshu Mukharjee from West Bengal, India. Welcome, Himangshu! So glad you have joined us!

This week’s quiz: Paris Photo – the largest international art fair dedicated to photography – is held every November at the magnificent Grand Palais. RFI English journalist Isabelle Martinetti wrote an article about it: “Paris Photo fair focuses on photo books and their publishers”.

You were to re-read Isabelle’s article and send in the answers to these questions: What is the name and nationality of the photographer who won the First Book prize at this year’s Paris Photo fair?

The answer is, to quote Isabelle: “The first book prize was awarded to Taiwanese photographer Tsai Ting Bang for “Born From the Same Root”, a self-published work, awarded with a $10,000 cash prize.”

In addition to the quiz question, there was the bonus question:  “What do you like to eat in the winter? Why?” The question was suggested by Liton Hissen Mia from Naogaon, Bangladesh.

Do you have a bonus question idea? Send it to us!

The winners are: RFI Listeners Club member Dipita Chakrabarty from New Delhi, India. Dipita is also the winner of this week’s bonus question. Congratulations, Dipita!

Also on the list of lucky winners this week are Ferhat Bezazel, the president of the Butterflies Club Ain Kechera in West Skikda, Algeria, and Zaheer Ayiaz, a member of the Naz Radio France and Internet Fan Club in Faisal Abad, Pakistan. There’s also RFI Listeners Club member Shaira Hosen Mo from Kishoreganj, Bangladesh, and last but not least, RFI English listener Sadman Shihabur Rahaman, from Naogaon, Bangladesh.

Congratulations, winners!

Here’s the music you heard on this week’s programme: “Santa Claus is Coming to Town” by J. Fred Coots and Haven Gillespie, performed by Johnny Bregar; “Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas” by Hugh Martin and Ralph Blane, performed by the Dexter Gordon Quartet; “The Flight of the Bumblebee” by Nicolai Rimsky-Korsakov; “The Cakewalk” from Children’s Corner by Claude Debussy, performed by the composer, and “Un flambeau, Jeannette, Isabelle”, attributed to Nicolas Saboly and Emile Blémont, performed by Les Petits Chanteurs de Mont-Royal.

Do you have a music request? Send it to thesoundkitchen@rfi.fr

This week’s question … you must listen to the show to participate. After you’ve listened to the show, listen to Melissa’s 15 December International Report podcast – “Gaza’s powerful war narratives make their way to the Oscars”, which will help you with the answer.

You have until 27 January to enter this week’s quiz; the winners will be announced on the 1 February podcast. When you enter be sure to send your postal address with your answer, and if you have one, your RFI Listeners Club membership number.

Send your answers to:

english.service@rfi.fr

or

Susan Owensby

RFI – The Sound Kitchen

80, rue Camille Desmoulins

92130 Issy-les-Moulineaux

France

Click here to learn how to win a special Sound Kitchen prize.

Click here to find out how you can become a member of the RFI Listeners Club, or form your own official RFI Club.   

Tibetans and Tibetan scholars are alarmed at how Paris’ Guimet museum of Asian art has categorised its art and artefacts from Tibet. Tenam and other Tibetans in exile, who have been demonstrating regularly outside the museum, talk about the importance of using the name Tibet, and scholar Katia Buffetrille questions the role of China in putting pressure on a French public institution. (Listen @2’48”) 

Like many residents in the town of Malakoff, just south of Paris, Vincent Chévrier had an olive tree in his garden but wasn’t doing much with it. So he federated a group of fellow local olive tree owners and together they’ve made Born to be Olive – the first olive oil “made in Ile de France”. Their collective project isn’t just about making a locally grown, organic product, it’s brought people together in a unique way. (Listen @17’37”)

On 22 December 1974, the people of the Comoros in the Indian Ocean voted overwhelmingly for independence from France. But the island of Mayotte did not, and became France’s 101st department. It’s created an immigration conundrum, straining the island’s already sparse resources  which were laid bare by Tropical Cyclone Chido last week. Listen @13’40”)

Episode mixed by Hadrien Touraud. 

Spotlight on France is a podcast from Radio France International. Find us on rfienglish.com, Apple podcasts (link here), Spotify (link here) or your favourite podcast app (pod.link/1573769878).

The project, overseen by Palestinian filmmaker Rashid Masharawi, includes 22 short films spanning documentary, animation, and drama.

The films aim to share the voices of people living through the conflict in Gaza, offering a glimpse into their fears, dreams and hopes.

“The idea for From Ground Zero came immediately, in the second month of this ongoing war, to try to pick up films and stories from Gaza,” Masharawi told RFI.

He explained that the goal was to give filmmakers in Gaza the chance to make their own films.

As a recent report from Reporters Without Borders (RSF) underlines the toll of the war on Palestinian journalists, RFI spoke with him and his team in Paris.

RSF says Israel responsible for one-third of journalist deaths in 2024

The shorts, ranging from three to six minutes, are “a mix between fiction, documentaries, video art and even experimental films,” he said.

“We are filmmakers, we are dealing with cinema. Even if it’s a catastrophe, it’s very tough with all the massacres. But we were also trying to make cinema, to add life, to be optimistic and to add hope.”

The 112-minute collection is presented as a feature film in two parts. Contributors include Reema Mahmoud, Muhammad Al Sharif, Tamer Nijim and Alaa Islam Ayou.

From film festivals to the Oscars

After premiering at the Toronto Film Festival in September, From Ground Zero toured film festivals across Europe, North Africa and South West Asia in November and December.

Screenings have taken place at the French Arab Film Festival near Paris, the Bristol Palestine Film Festival and in London. Additional showings are scheduled for Morocco and Egypt.

Earlier this year, Masharawi held an outdoor screening of the film during the Cannes Film Festival to protest its exclusion from the event.

Now, the collection has been selected to represent Palestine at the Oscars in March 2025, with hopes of a wider release in the United States, Europe and the Middle East.

UN rapporteur says Israel’s war in Gaza is ’emptying the land completely’

Emerging voices

The project was made possible by the Masharawi Fund for Gaza Filmmakers, launched in November 2023 to support creative talent from the territory.

Masharawi, who is from Gaza, is one of the first Palestinian filmmakers to have directed cinema projects in the occupied Palestinian territories.

His first film, Travel Document, was released in 1986, followed by The Shelter in 1989 and Long Days in Gaza in 1991.

The executive producer of the film, Laura Nikolov, who is French and based in France, is travelling with Masharawi to promote the film around the world.

“It’s a very unique project,” she told RFI. “We have now translated it into 10 different languages. We made this to allow the voices of the Gazan people [to be heard] and it’s working. I think we’ve reached more than 60, perhaps 80 screenings and festivals.”

With its selection for the Oscars, Nikolov is hopeful that the film will reach even wider audiences.

“This means it will be shown in cinemas in the United States,” she said, adding that they hope to expand its reach across Europe and the Middle East.

This dramatic end to the Assad family’s half-century rule over Syria marks a significant shift in the region’s balance of power, with analysts predicting that Turkey’s influence in Syria could now grow at the expense of its regional rivals.

“Turkey emerged… by proving its relevance, importance and its strength… out of these latest developments in Syria… as the clean, clear winner,” says Aydin Selcen, a former senior Turkish diplomat who served in the region and is now a foreign policy analyst for Turkey’s independent Medyascope news outlet.

“And Iran is definitely the loser. And Russia also is pushed aside.”

Success of rebel groups in Syria advances Turkish agenda

The Turkish-backed Syrian National Army played a role in the overthrow of Assad. However, it was the radical Islamist group Hayat Tahir Al Sham – or HTS – that led the offensive. And that, analysts say, will be a cause for apprehension in Ankara.

“Despite all the jubilation of the Turkish press and the government and the circles that support the government about the collapse of the Assad regime in general, I would think there is some uneasiness,” says Hasan Unal, professor of international relations at Ankara’s Baskent University.   

“I can see it through lots of problematic issues that would be coming out of what’s going to happen,” he added, “because of the ideological Islamist leanings of the incumbent government and… the Islamic jihadist terrorist groups associated with it.”

Support and protection

However, Turkey may not be entirely without influence over Syria’s new Islamist leaders. For years, it provided support and protection to the Idlib region of Syria, where HTS was based. 

Analyst Aydin Selcen suggests Ankara could retain significant influence if recent statements by HTS leadership calling for an inclusive Syrian government are honoured.  

“If pragmatism prevails, that’s perhaps where Turkey and Ankara may come in. And also Ankara definitely will be viewed as a positive outside contributor by these new Syrian rulers, because of the fact that we here in Turkey are hosting over 5 million Syrians and also that Turkey helped protect Idlib.”

Turkish foreign minister Hakan Fidan, addressing an international conference in Doha last Sunday, 8 December, said that Turkey is committed to helping secure a politically inclusive new Syria. 

Turkey’s Syrian refugees 

A stable Syria is also key to Ankara’s goal of sending home millions of Syrian refugees now living in Turkey. Public resentment over their presence has grown, as the country has grappled with an economic crisis over the past few years.

However, such a return may not be simple, predicts Sezin Oney, a commentator on Turkey’s independent Politikyol news site.

“The refugees, the Syrians you have in Turkey, are mostly women and children. So it has to be a [new Syrian] government, an administration, friendly to women and children, especially women.”

“But we don’t know if these Islamic jihadist groups will be really friendly towards these groups,” he added.

“There might be a Taliban 2.0 arising just across the border; we don’t know what kind of administration HTS and surrounding groups will be. It’s a big security risk; I don’t see Syria settling down to become a safe clash-free place.” 

‘Imperative’ to work against IS in Syria, Blinken tells Turkey

For now, Erdogan is celebrating the overthrow of Assad as a Turkish triumph, with European leaders and Washington queuing up to speak to him as Turkey positions itself as a key player in shaping Syria’s future.

But the sudden demise of the Assad regime underscores how quickly fortunes can change in the region, and the future of Syria – and Turkey’s role in it – are today more uncertain than ever. 

Hello everyone! Welcome to The Sound Kitchen weekly podcast, published every Saturday – here on our website, or wherever you get your podcasts. You’ll hear the winners’ names announced and the week’s quiz question, along with all the other ingredients you’ve grown accustomed to: your letters and essays, “On This Day”, quirky facts and news, interviews, and great music … so be sure and listen every week.

The RFI English team is pleased to announce that Saleem Akhtar Chadhar, the president of the RFI Seven Stars Listening Club in District Chiniot, Pakistan, won the RFI / Planète Radio ePOP video contest, in the RFI Clubs category. Bravo Saleem! Mubarak ho!

There are just two days left for you to be a part of our New Year’s Day show – get your New Year’s resolutions and/or wishes to me by this coming Monday, 16 December. Send them to me at thesoundkitchen@rfi.fr

Erwan and I are busy cooking up special shows with your music requests, so get them in! Send your music requests to thesoundkitchen@rfi.fr  Tell us why you like the piece of music, too – it makes it more interesting for us all!

Facebook: Be sure to send your photos to thesoundkitchen@rfi.fr for the RFI English Listeners Forum banner!

More tech news: Did you know we have a YouTube channel? Just go to YouTube and write “RFI English” in the search bar, and there we are! Be sure to subscribe to see all our videos.

Would you like to learn French? RFI is here to help you!

Our website “Le Français facile avec RFI” has news broadcasts in slow, simple French, as well as bilingual radio dramas (with real actors!) and exercises to practice what you have heard.

Go to our website and get started! At the top of the page, click on “Test level”. According to your score, you’ll be counselled to the best-suited activities for your level.

Do not give up! As Lidwien van Dixhoorn, the head of “Le Français facile” service told me: “Bathe your ears in the sound of the language, and eventually, you’ll get it.” She should know – Lidwien is Dutch and came to France hardly able to say “bonjour” and now she heads this key RFI department – so stick with it!

Be sure you check out our wonderful podcasts!

In addition to the news articles on our site, with in-depth analysis of current affairs in France and across the globe, we have several podcasts that will leave you hungry for more.

There’s Spotlight on France, Spotlight on Africa, The International Report, and of course, The Sound Kitchen. We also have an award-winning bilingual series – an old-time radio show, with actors (!) to help you learn French, called Les voisins du 12 bis. 

Remember, podcasts are radio, too! As you see, sound is still quite present in the RFI English service. Please keep checking our website for updates on the latest from our journalists. You never know what we’ll surprise you with!

To listen to our podcasts from your PC, go to our website; you’ll see “Podcasts” at the top of the page. You can either listen directly or subscribe and receive them directly on your mobile phone.

To listen to our podcasts from your mobile phone, slide through the tabs just under the lead article (the first tab is “Headline News”) until you see “Podcasts”, and choose your show. 

Teachers take note! I save postcards and stamps from all over the world to send to you for your students. If you would like stamps and postcards for your students, just write and let me know. The address is english.service@rfi.fr  If you would like to donate stamps and postcards, feel free! Our address is listed below. 

Another idea for your students: Br. Gerald Muller, my beloved music teacher from St. Edward’s University in Austin, Texas, has been writing books for young adults in his retirement – and they are free! There is a volume of biographies of painters and musicians called Gentle Giants, and an excellent biography of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., too. They are also a good way to help you improve your English – that’s how I worked on my French, reading books that were meant for young readers – and I guarantee you, it’s a good method for improving your language skills. To get Br. Gerald’s free books, click here.

Independent RFI English Clubs: Be sure to always include Audrey Iattoni (audrey.iattoni@rfi.fr) from our Listener Relations department in your RFI Club correspondence. Remember to copy me (thesoundkitchen@rfi.fr) when you write to her so that I know what is going on, too. N.B.: You do not need to send her your quiz answers! Email overload!

We have a new RFI Listeners Club member to welcome: Zahurul Islam Joy from Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Welcome, Zahural!

This week’s quiz: On 9 November, I asked you a question about the American composer and musician Quincy Jones, who died earlier that week.

You were to re-read our article “Tributes roll in for beloved musician and producer Quincy Jones, who died at 91”, and send in the answer to this question: What is the name of the legendary Frenchwoman with whom Jones studied in Paris in 1957?

The answer is: Nadia Boulanger, arguably the single most important composition teacher of the 20th century.  

In addition to the quiz question, there was the bonus question: What is the best way to flatter a mother-in-law?

Do you have a bonus question idea? Send it to us!

The winners are: RFI Listeners Club member Pradip Chandra Kundu from West Bengal, India. Pradip is also this week’s bonus question winner. Congratulations, Pradip!

Also on the list of lucky winners this week are RFI Listeners Club members Zenon Teles, the president of the Christian – Marxist – Leninist – Maoist Association of Listening DX-ers in Goa, India, and Ataur Rahman Ranju, the president of the Alokito Manush Cai International Radio Listeners Club in Rangpur, Bangladesh. Rounding out the list of this week’s winners are RFI English listeners Shatrudhan Sharma from Rajasthan, India, and Mahfuz from Cumilla, Bangladesh.

Here’s the music you heard on this week’s programme: “Tamasha” by Aamer Shafiq, Farhan Bogra, Shiraz Khan, and Sparlay Rawail, performed by Khumaariyan; “No Bones at All” by Quincy Jones, performed by the Quincy Jones Ensemble conducted by the composer; “The Flight of the Bumblebee” by Nicolai Rimsky-Korsakov; “The Cakewalk” from Children’s Corner by Claude Debussy, performed by the composer, and the traditional Mexican huasteco “La Huasanga”, performed by Xochicanela.

Do you have a music request? Send it to thesoundkitchen@rfi.fr

This week’s question … you must listen to the show to participate.After you’ve listened to the show, re-read our article “France’s support for Syrian transition hinges on respect for minority rights”, which will help you with the answer.

You have until 20 January to enter this week’s quiz; the winners will be announced on the 25 January podcast. When you enter be sure to send your postal address with your answer, and if you have one, your RFI Listeners Club membership number.

Send your answers to:

english.service@rfi.fr

or

Susan Owensby

RFI – The Sound Kitchen

80, rue Camille Desmoulins

92130 Issy-les-Moulineaux

France

Click here to learn how to win a special Sound Kitchen prize.

Click here to find out how you can become a member of the RFI Listeners Club, or form your own official RFI Club.   

Madhya Pradesh is often referred to as the Heart of India. Located right in the middle of the country, the Indian region shows everything India has to offer through its abundant diversity. The IFTM trade show, which took place in Paris at the end of September, presented the perfect opportunity for travel enthusiasts to discover the region.

Sheo Shekhar Shukla, Managing Director of Madhya Pradesh’s tourism board, sat down to explain his approach to sustainable tourism.

“Post-covid the whole world has known a shift in their approach when it comes to tourism. And all those discerning travelers want to have different kinds of experiences: something offbeat, something new, something which has not been explored before.”

Through its UNESCO World Heritage Sites, Shukla wants to showcase the deep history Madhya Pradesh has to offer.

“UNESCO is very actively supporting us and three of our sites are already World Heritage Sites. Sanchi is a very famous buddhist spiritual destination, Bhimbetka is a place where prehistoric rock shelters are still preserved, and Khajuraho is home to thousand year old temples with magnificent architecture.”

All in all, Shukla believes that there’s only one way forward for the industry: “Travelers must take sustainable tourism as a paradigm in order to take tourism to the next level.”

In partnership with Madhya Pradesh’s tourism board.

Also known as the Land of the Beautiful Islands, Malaysia’s landscape and cultural diversity is almost unmatched on the planet. Those qualities were all put on display at the Malaysian stand during the IFTM trade show.

Libra Hanif, director of Tourism Malaysia, explained the appeal of the country as well as the importance of promoting sustainable tourism today: “Sustainable travel is a major trend now, with the changes that are happening post-covid. People want to get close to nature, to get close to people. So Malaysia being a multicultural and diverse [country] with a lot of natural environments, we felt that it’s a good thing for us to promote Malaysia.”

Malaysia has also gained fame in recent years, through its numerous UNESCO World Heritage Sites, which include Kinabalu Park and the Archaeological Heritage of the Lenggong Valley.

Green mobility has also become an integral part of tourism in Malaysia, with an increasing number of people using bikes to discover the country: “If you are a little more adventurous, we have the mountain back trails where you can cut across gazetted trails to see the natural attractions and the wildlife that we have in Malaysia,” says Hanif. “If you are not that adventurous, you’ll be looking for relaxing cycling. We also have countryside spots, where you can see all the scenery in a relaxing session.”

With more than 25,000 visitors at this IFTM trade show this year, Malaysia’s tourism board got to showcase the best the country and its people have to offer.

In partnership with Malaysia Tourism Promotion Board. For more information about Malaysia, click here.