Experts who study or work with AI are much more positive and optimistic about how the technology will improve jobs and the economy compared with members of the general public, according to a new report from Pew Research Center. But many acknowledge the technology will lead to some job loss in the future.

Overall, a majority, 56%, of AI experts say the technology will have a positive impact on the U.S. in the next 20 years, compared with just 17% of U.S. adults. Experts overwhelmingly believe AI will have a positive impact on how people do their jobs in the next 20 years, and are more likely to believe it will boost the overall economy in that timeframe.

That’s based on a survey of over 1,000 AI experts who conduct research or work in the field, and a separate survey of over 5,400 U.S. adults.

Experts are generally less concerned than average workers that AI will lead to fewer jobs overall but acknowledge that certain occupations are more likely to be impacted.

When considering where AI is likely to lead to fewer jobs, experts said some roles most at risk in the next 20 years include:

• Cashiers (73% of experts agree)
• Truck drivers (62%)
• Journalists (60%)
• Factory workers (60%)
• Software engineers (50%)

Workers tend to agree with experts about at-risk jobs, except when it comes to truckers: just 33% of the general public believe AI will lead to fewer truck drivers in the future.

Experts surveyed in the report said truck driving jobs are primed for disruption by AI as driverless vehicle technology improves, says Jeff Gottfried, Pew’s associate director of research.

The research underscores years of studies showing the American public’s concerns that AI will take their jobs and could lead to a loss of human connection, Gottfried tells CNBC Make It.

Despite some big differences, experts and the public agree on some things about AI, including that it could do the most good in medical care; that they’re skeptical it will have a positive impact on accurate news and election coverage; and that they’d like more control over how AI is used in their lives. Neither camp is confident the government will regulate AI effectively, or that U.S. companies will develop and use AI responsibly.

“It’s really important that both of these sets of views are in the room” to understand the key concerns among experts and the public regarding how AI is developed and integrated into certain jobs and throughout the economy, Gottfried says.

“We’re not placing a value judgment on which population is correct,” he adds. Instead, he and his fellow researchers hope to uncover, “What are the experiences of these two groups that are really important to the conversation of AI and its risks, benefits and future?”

Even experts have differing viewpoints within their own camp.

For example, experts who work at colleges and universities are more skeptical that companies are developing and using AI responsibly, compared with experts who work at private firms.

Women tend to be more skeptical of AI than men, and the gender gap is even more pronounced among experts who work with the technology.

Among the experts surveyed, men (63%) are nearly twice as likely as women (36%) to say AI’s impact on the U.S. will be at least somewhat positive; men are also more likely than women to say they’re more excited than concerned about AI (53% vs. 30%) or think AI will personally benefit them (81% vs. 64%).

“That really stood out to us,” Gottfried says. “We do see some of these wide differences did occur within the population closest to the AI technology itself, whether they study or work with it. Our study wasn’t really designed to understand why women’s views differ from men but this is consistent with the findings” among the gender differences among the general public.

Previous research indicates that many roles typically filled by women, including administrative and customer service roles, are being automated away by new technology. Meanwhile, a gender gap where women are underrepresented in AI jobs could have an impact in how the technology is developed.

“It is absolutely crucial that those people who create AI are representative of the population as a whole,” Kay Firth-Butterfield, the World Economic Forum’s head of artificial intelligence and machine learning said in 2018.

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People with narcissistic traits often have an inflated sense of their own talents, achievements and significance in the world. They’re sensitive to criticism and struggle to have any empathy or appreciation for others.

This self-centered focus on their own needs is usually at the expense of everyone around them, which makes communicating with them challenging. You may be left feeling dismissed, criticized or invisible.

As a Harvard-trained psychologist, I’ve found that there are seven phrases you’ll hear from highly narcissistic people:

Narcissists see themselves as special and better than everyone else. They believe that other people should feel grateful to be in their orbit because they are all so flawed in comparison.

Similar phrases: 

• “You don’t deserve me.”
• “You should feel relieved that I haven’t cut you out of my life.”

DON’T MISS: How to change careers and be happier at work

Many narcissists are chronically disappointed by others. In response, they may put those people down with cutting, hurtful and mean-spirited insults.

Similar phrases: 

• “You’re such a loser.”
• “No one else would ever want to be with you.”

Narcissists often resort to manipulative tactics like threats or intimidation to keep people invested in the relationship because they feel safer maintaining control, rather than sharing power.

Similar phrases: 

• “Be careful or you’ll push me away.”
• “I’ll ruin you if you cross me, and no one will want to be associated with you.”

It’s hard for people with narcissistic traits to empathize with others. As a result, they rarely see the other person in a relationship as an independent individual with their own thoughts, feelings and experiences.

Similar phrases: 

• “My feelings matter more.”
• “I’m usually right.”

Narcissists have a strong desire to feel superior to others. One way they do that is by putting people down. They tend to make negative comments about everyone else — friends, family or even unknown acquaintances — to build themselves up as part of a separate, special kind of person. 

Similar phrases: 

• “Your friend is lame. Why do you hang out with them?”
• “These people have nothing to offer me.”

When a narcissist is upset, they’ll blame others for their feelings instead of acknowledging their role in the situation. Rather than holding themselves accountable, they’ll complain about how unfair other people are.

Similar phrases: 

• “If you just did what I asked you to do, I wouldn’t be so upset right now.”
• “I wouldn’t be yelling if you didn’t make me so angry!”

People with narcissistic tendencies are good at stonewalling — cutting off communication to show how upset they are. They will pretend to not be affected, while giving you the silent treatment.

Similar phrases: 

• “I’m fine. What are you even talking about?”
• Saying nothing at all.

The best way to respond to a narcissist is not to react at all. Pause in the moment, but don’t leave the conversation entirely. Don’t yell or become defensive.

After a deep breath, you can say, “I need to think about this before I respond, so I’m going to need a minute.” This will give you time to collect your thoughts and notice your emotions. More importantly, you’ll be less likely to say something you might regret later.

Then, set clear boundaries. Here are some examples:

• “I hear you, I just don’t agree with you.”
• “Thank you for sharing your perspective. When you’re open to hearing mine, I can share it.”
• “It sounds like you’re having a lot of feelings right now. I am here to listen if you’d like, but if you put me down or intentionally try to hurt me, I am going to walk away because it isn’t healthy for me to be called names.”
• “I want you to know that I see you and I hear your perspective. I just have a different one, and that’s okay with me.”

Remember, while a narcissist may continue to communicate in harmful ways, their words can’t have power over you unless you let them.

Their most common communication tactics are manipulation and control. That is a reflection of who they are and how they experience they world, not a reflection of you and your values.

Dr. Cortney S. Warren, PhD, is a board-certified psychologist and author of the new book “Letting Go of Your Ex.” She specializes in romantic relationships, addictive behavior, and honesty. She received her clinical training at Harvard Medical School after earning her doctorate in clinical psychology from Texas A&M University. Follow her on Instagram @DrCortneyWarren or Twitter @DrCortneyWarren.

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Stock prices fell sharply on Thursday after President Donald Trump the day before announced sweeping tariffs of 10% on all U.S. trading partners and higher levies on countries with which the U.S. has a trade deficit.

With Thursday’s decline, the S&P 500 — a proxy for the broad U.S. stock market — has now slid more than 11% from its record high in February, putting the index in correction territory, defined as a drop of 10% or more from recent highs.

Investors and economists alike fear that Trump’s tariff policies could ignite a trade war with the nation’s trading partners and push inflation higher, two factors that could push the U.S. toward an economic slowdown. Should a recession become imminent, markets could sell off — and quickly.

Over the years, Berkshire Hathaway chairman and investing legend Warren Buffett has recommended staying calm in times of volatility.

In his 2017 letter to shareholders, Buffett wrote: “There is simply no telling how far stocks can fall in a short period.” But should a major decline occur, he continued, “heed these lines” from Rudyard Kipling’s classic poem “If,” circa 1895.

“If you can keep your head when all about you are losing theirs … If you can wait and not be tired by waiting … If you can think — and not make thoughts your aim … If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you … Yours is the Earth and everything that’s in it.”

It’s worth noting that Buffett was writing about major declines in the stock market, such as periods like the 2007 to 2009 bear market during which the S&P 500 lost more than 50% of its value.

Those are quite a bit rarer than what’s happening now. In fact, corrections in the stock market are pretty standard fare. There have been 21 declines of 10% or more in the S&P 500 since 1980, with an average intra-year drawdown of 14%, according to Baird Private Wealth Management.

Of course, investors often don’t know if things are going to go from bad to worse until they do.

“No one can tell you when these will happen,” Buffett wrote in 2017. “The light can at any time go from green to red without pausing at yellow.”

But whether a decline is modest and short-lived or seemingly long and painful, the message to individual investors is the same: Stick to your long-term plans and continue investing.

Buffett writes that he views downturns as “extraordinary opportunities.” Why? Because, historically, it’s never been all that long before the market resumes its upward trajectory.

Since 1928, the average bear market — defined by a decline of 20% or more from recent highs — has lasted less than 10 months, according to data from Hartford Funds. In the scope of the several decades you likely plan on investing, that’s practically no time at all.

And even if living through it can be scary, keep your eyes on the prize: your long-term goals. By continuing to consistently invest as the market declines, you effectively buy stocks when they’re selling at a discount. As long as you take a well-diversified approach to investing, you’ll get a better and better deal the further stock prices fall.

As Kipling says, keep your head, ignore breathless headlines and keep doing your thing. Will the Earth and everything in it be yours? Maybe not — but you’ll likely do a good job of boosting your long-term wealth.

The whole attitude recalls another quote of Buffett’s, about taking advantage of bargain-priced investments, this time from his 2009 shareholder letter: “Big opportunities come infrequently. When it’s raining gold, reach for a bucket, not a thimble.”

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On the whole, happiness in the U.S. is on the decline. The country fell down a spot from the year prior to No. 24 in the 2025 World Happiness Report. 

But there is still plenty of joy to be found across the 50 states — including in Plano, Texas, which ranked No. 1 in a recent SmartAsset report identifying the happiest cities in America. SmartAsset ranked cities on 11 metrics across three categories: personal finance, wellbeing and quality of life. 

Individual metrics include the share of households living below the poverty line, share of residents who report being inactive and traffic volume on major roads.

Here are the 10 happiest cities in the U.S., according to SmartAsset:

1. Plano, Texas

• Households earning $100,000/year or more: 54.3%
• Life expectancy in years: 81.3
• Marriage rate: 55.9%

2. Arlington, Virginia

• Households earning $100,000/year or more: 65.3%
• Life expectancy in years: 83.9
• Marriage rate: 41.4%

3. Raleigh, North Carolina

• Households earning $100,000/year or more: 42.5%
• Life expectancy in years: 81.0
• Marriage rate: 41.6%

4. Seattle, Washington

• Households earning $100,000/year or more: 57.5%
• Life expectancy (years): 81.1
• Marriage rate: 41.4%

5. San Jose, California

• Households earning $100,000/year or more: 62.2%
• Life expectancy in years: 83.8
• Marriage rate: 48.1%

6. Boise, Idaho

• Households earning $100,000/year or more: 39.3%
• Life expectancy in years: 79.7
• Marriage rate: 47.8%

7. Fremont, California

• Households earning $100,000/year or more: 71.9%
• Life expectancy in years: 82.0
• Marriage rate: 49.6%

8. Lincoln, Nebraska

• Households earning $100,000/year or more: 32.0%
• Life expectancy in years: 79.1
• Marriage rate: 44.5%

9. Durham, North Carolina

• Households earning $100,000/year or more: 41.9%
• Life expectancy in years: 79.2
• Marriage rate: 44.5%

10. Anchorage, Alaska

• Households earning $100,000/year or more: 47.6%
• Life expectancy in years: 76.3
• Marriage rate: 48.2%

A few factors made Plano stand out in SmartAsset’s ranking, including the city’s high marriage rate of 56% and that 54% of households earn at least $100,000 a year.

While you don’t need to be married to be happy, numerous studies have shown partnered people tend to be happier than single adults. Married people also tend to earn more and spend less, Census Bureau and Labor Department data has found.

When it comes to factors like school quality, job opportunities and entertainment options, Plano has a solid reputation. The city ranked No. 6 on Niche’s 2025 best places to live in the U.S. based on factors like its schools and public safety. Plano also ranked No. 5 in SmartAsset’s 2023 rankings of the safest cities in America due to its low drug mortality and violent crime rates.

“Living in Plano, Texas, offers a modest yet fulfilling experience with its safe, family-friendly neighborhoods, excellent schools, and well-maintained parks,” a reviewer who says they’re a current Plano resident posted on Niche.

“Whether enjoying Tex-Mex at a local eatery or exploring diverse cuisines, Plano’s vibrant food scene complements its community-focused atmosphere, making it a comfortable place to call home,” they added.

Research has shown higher incomes are associated with higher levels of happiness, which SmartAsset took into account with metrics like the share of households earning $100,000 a year or more and local poverty rates.

Previous research suggested that while an increase in income is correlated with greater life satisfaction, that was only true up to a certain point. But more recent studies have concluded that drop-off doesn’t really exist.

Even people who are already objectively wealthy will continue to feel the positive effects of more money when they get raises or otherwise increase their wealth, University of Pennsylvania researcher Matthew Killingsworth found in 2024.

The material impacts of more money will be relative, but the increase to happiness is roughly the same, he said.

For example, someone with a low income getting a 20% raise may suddenly be able to more comfortably feed their family, whereas a higher earner getting a 20% raise may simply upgrade their car. But the happiness boost they both feel will be roughly the same, Killingsworth’s research suggests.

Of course, this correlation isn’t true for everyone. Outside factors like relationships or underlying mental health problems may inhibit a person’s happiness regardless of their income, Killingsworth’s research found.

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On Wednesday, President Donald Trump announced a new round of global tariffs, instituting a minimum 10% levy on goods imported from countries around the world, which he said he hopes will strengthen the U.S. economy and remedy what he calls “unfair trade practices.”

In his remarks on Wednesday, Trump said the Great Depression “would have never happened” if the U.S. maintained a strong tariff policy at the time. The government later “tried to bring back tariffs to save our country, but it was gone,” he added.

However, those statements are untrue, said Dean Baker, senior economist and co-founder of the Center for Economic and Policy Research. 

“We had not ended tariffs before the Great Depression,” he said. “There was a modest lowering, and that occurred decades earlier.”

Congress did pass the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act in 1930, which increased tariffs to try to boost federal revenue and end the Depression, but historians and economists widely agree the act had the opposite effect: It deepened the rout and raised prices.

“I have literally never heard anyone suggest [a lack of tariffs caused the Depression] and can’t even imagine how it would have worked,” Baker said.

The White House did not respond to a request for comment.

Historians point to a number of contributing factors that led to the Great Depression. Those include the stock market crashing in 1929 due to factors like overproduction in certain industries following World War I and monetary policy aimed at curbing market speculation, according to a Federal Reserve historical analysis. 

The Fed’s efforts to tame investor speculation meant fewer consumers were borrowing money, which led to a decrease in economic activity.

Leading up to the Depression, tariffs were relatively low, Baker said. The U.S. had begun collecting federal income taxes in 1913 to offset its reliance on tariffs, which had previously accounted for up to 90% of federal revenue, according to Douglas Irwin, a Dartmouth College economist.

With federal income tax in play, tariffs made up less than 20% of federal revenue by 1930, according to the Council of Economic Advisers during President Joe Biden’s administration.

When the Senate passed the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act in 1930, the U.S. placed tariffs on thousands of imported goods in an effort to support American farmers struggling to compete after European agricultural production recovered following the first World War.

Several earlier tariff acts were focused on agriculture and helping American farmers, but Smoot-Hawley took things a step further and ultimately raised tariffs in “all sectors of the economy,” according to the State Department’s Office of the Historian.

However, the duties led to a trade war as countries responded by raising their own tariffs on the U.S., ultimately freezing international trade, the Senate Historical Office says.

Global trade was soon upended and the Depression worsened as prices increased on essentials like food.

“Just about every economist agrees that the Smoot-Hawley tariffs in 1930 made the Depression worse,” Baker said. Even at the time, experts urged President Herbert Hoover not to sign the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act into law, with over 1,000 economists signing a petition imploring him not to sign. But Hoover signed it anyway.

Fast-forward to 2025. While experts say the U.S. economy is better positioned than it was 100 years ago, Trump’s tariffs are already threatening future growth and “hugely increase the risk of a recession,” Baker said.

Tariffs can contribute to a recession in a number of ways, Baker said. First, they can function like an additional tax on consumers. “This is money directly out of people’s pockets, leaving them with less to spend,” he said.

In addition to consumer stress and uncertainty, businesses may pull back on investments until they have a clearer picture of the tariffs’ impact and how long they will remain in place, Baker said.

“Many people pulled forward purchases of big-ticket items like cars and appliances to beat the tariffs,” Baker added. He expects this type of spending to slow “since they are not about to make the purchases again.”

Further, “this policy is not likely to have many winners,” Baker said of Trump’s tariffs.

“There will always be some businesses that benefit from trade barriers, but these will be a minority,” he said. Companies that don’t work with many imported parts may get through this period with minimal impact, but that’s “a relatively small group,” Baker said.

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