The aim of the meeting on Thursday between DRC’s President Félix Tshisekedi and Rwanda’s President Paul Kagame aims to ratify two agreements already signed by their teams.

However, with the security situation in eastern DRC still unstable, the two leaders have barely exchanged a word in months.

The summit, convened by the US, will take place with several African leaders present as witnesses – and, in some cases, potential partners in a future regional arrangement. Washington hopes this collective presence will help stabilise a process that, so far, has been long on ambition and short on trust.

DRC and Rwanda hold fresh talks in Washington to revive fragile peace deal

Eight months of diplomacy

On 25 April, Kinshasa and Kigali endorsed a “declaration of principles” – a roadmap setting out the scope of talks, with the ultimate goal of ending the border conflict that has plagued DRC’s North and South Kivu provinces for years.

Signed in front of US Secretary of State Marco Rubio, it opened the door to more detailed negotiations.

Those talks culminated in the 27 June peace agreement, reached after difficult exchanges and formalised in front of US President Donald Trump.

This agreement stipulated a second, essential component – a regional economic integration framework designed to lock in peace through cooperation and shared development. That framework arrived on 7 November, setting out proposed joint projects, policy areas and a timeline.

Rwanda’s parliament has since ratified the June agreement, and both sides consider the November framework ready to activate.

Thursday’s Washington meeting is therefore less about renegotiating and more about securing the full package. The US intends to sign bilateral agreements with each country afterwards, creating what the Trump administration has dubbed the “Washington agreements”.

Congo and M23 rebels agree to form ceasefire monitoring body

‘We do not trade with someone we distrust’

Kagame and Tshisekedi, however, have reportedly not spoken in months. Kigali has been blunt in rejecting Tshisekedi’s attempts at outreach, accusing Kinshasa of failing to honour previous mechanisms and warning that regional backing should not be taken for granted.

In late November, Kagame expressed doubt that the process was near completion. Rwanda’s position remains that Kinshasa has a track record of ignoring previous agreements.

The Congolese position has also shifted. In mid-November, Communication Minister Patrick Muyaya told RFI that Tshisekedi would not travel to Washington unless Rwanda had begun withdrawing its troops.

That wording has since softened, but Tshisekedi has hardened his stance in another direction. Rwanda, he says, cannot be fully integrated into the economic framework until its troops have left Congolese soil and trust has been rebuilt.

Speaking to the Congolese diaspora in Belgrade just days before the summit, Tshisekedi laid out his “strategic vision”. He reminded his audience that regional economic integration has been part of his agenda since 2019 – a way, he said, of “developing together” with neighbouring states.

But, he insisted, such cooperation is impossible without trust. ‘We do not trade with someone we distrust,’ he said, stressing that the deal with Rwanda will only come into force if genuine peace is achieved.

A ceasefire arrangement between Kinshasa and the Rwandan-backed M23 rebel group has existed on paper since October, yet clashes continue.

Security Council Resolution 2773, adopted in February 2025, called for a troop withdrawal but has never been implemented. 

On Thursday, Trump will welcome each president to Washington separately before bringing them together for a joint ceremony.

M23, DR Congo ink fresh framework agreement for a peace deal in Doha

Parallel process in Doha

Running alongside the Washington talks is a second negotiation track in Qatar with the Rwandan-backed armed group M23.

On 15 November, Kinshasa and the M23 group signed a framework agreement that incorporates two protocols – one on verifying the ceasefire and another on prisoner exchanges.

Fighting continues on the ground in eastern DRC, with the M23 describing the situation as “catastrophic”.

This article has been adapted from the original version in French by Patient Ligodi.

The French president has appealed to China’s leader Xi Jinping to help end the conflict and improve Europe’s trade balance as the two met in Beijing’s Great Hall on Thursday.

For Macron, the three-day trip offers a chance to build support for a ceasefire in Europe’s deadliest conflict since World War II and to encourage more Chinese investment in France.

Paris’s trade deficit with China widened to €46 billion in 2024, a gap the French leader wants to shrink.

Xi and First Lady Peng Liyuan welcomed Macron and his wife Brigitte with a red carpet, an honour guard and flag-waving children.

Behind the ceremony, the talks were more restrained.

Macron told Xi that France and China must work through their “differences”, while the Chinese leader called for “more stable” ties.

Their meeting comes as diplomatic efforts to halt the nearly four-year war in Ukraine gain speed. Macron has been promoting an alternative to a US-backed peace plan criticised by many as mirroring Russian demands. Standing beside Xi, he said cooperation between Paris and Beijing would be “decisive”.

“We must continue to work towards peace and stability in the world, and in Ukraine and other regions affected by war,” he said. “The conflict poses a vital threat to European security, but also to respect for the international order based on the rule of law.”

Xi repeated Beijing’s broad support for a ceasefire. “China supports all efforts committed to peace and hopes that all parties will reach a fair, lasting and binding peace agreement that is acceptable to all parties through dialogue and negotiation,” he said.

Macron, who will host the G7 summit next year, also urged China to work with the group towards “more balanced, fairer” rules-based economic governance.

Macron begins China visit as Europe faces trade and security tensions

Pressure on Ukraine

Macron’s visit follows a stop in Paris by Ukraine’s Volodymyr Zelensky, who has been urging Europe to stay firm behind Kyiv as Washington promotes its own proposal to end the conflict.

China often calls for peace talks and respect for territorial integrity, but it has avoided condemning Russia for its 2022 invasion.

Western governments have accused Beijing of giving Moscow key economic support, including military-use components for Russia’s defence industry.

The Élysée Palace said Macron would press Xi to ensure China “refrain from providing any means, by any means, to Russia to continue the war”.

France says goodbye to star pandas going back to China

Trade strains

Economic tension also loomed large. The EU faces an over €300 billion trade deficit with China, prompting calls across the bloc for greater balance.

“It is necessary for China to consume more and export less… and for Europeans to save less and produce more,” one of Macron’s advisers said.

Macron has long argued that Europe should reduce its dependence on China, especially in strategic sectors such as technology.

Only last month, he told a summit of European tech leaders that the EU does not want to become a “vassal” of US and Chinese tech giants.

Panda diplomacy

Macron’s schedule also includes talks with Premier Li Qiang before he heads to Chengdu, once home to two giant pandas loaned to France.

The bears were returned earlier this year, but China’s embassy has said new ones will soon be sent back.

Xi confirmed on Thursday that China and France have agreed a fresh deal on panda conservation.

“The French people love giant pandas,” he said. “On the basis of the previous cooperation, both sides will carry out a new round of cooperation in giant panda protection.”

(with newswires)

New genomic techniques (NGT) add, remove or tweak small sections of DNA using precise gene editing tools. Plants made this way differ from traditional genetically modified organisms, which involve inserting genetic material from one species into another to create a hybrid.

The long-running debate over NGTs has frequently been a heated one. 

Supporters argue that NGTs represent a targeted approach that can bring about changes that might otherwise have occurred naturally or through selective breeding, only much faster.

Agriculture unions have been among the most enthusiastic backers of the technology, seeing it as a practical way to produce crops that can better withstand climate shocks and require fewer inputs such as fertiliser and pesticides – at a time when farmers are under pressure to cut emissions while keeping yields high.

Scientists urge EU lawmakers to ease restrictions on gene-edited crops

A provisional deal

In a joint statement, the European Parliament and the Council of the EU said they had reached a provisional deal on “a set of rules that establish a legal framework for new genomic techniques”.

The regulation, they added, is designed to improve the agrifood sector’s competitiveness and level the playing field for European producers, while strengthening food security and reducing reliance on imports.

Jessica Polfjärd, the Swedish MEP steering the file through the parliament, welcomed the breakthrough. She said the technology would pave the way for climate-resilient plants capable of delivering higher yields on smaller areas of land, which she called a win for both farmers and the environment.

A key component of the compromise is an easing of existing rules for certain NGT plants that fall under “category 1” and are considered equivalent to naturally occurring varieties.

These lower-risk plants would face a lighter regulatory touch. However, the agreement draws clear red lines – NGTs designed to be resistant to herbicides or engineered to produce insecticides will be barred from the market, and organic farming will remain strictly off limits.

Are Kenya’s cotton farmers being sacrificed in war against GMOs?

Labelling concerns

However, critics worry about potential environmental impacts or unforeseen consequences for food chains. Environmental groups and the organic sector have pushed back throughout the negotiations.

One flashpoint has been labelling. Charlotte Labauge of the Pollinis NGO lamented that consumers will not be informed when NGT category 1 plants appear in final products.

Under the deal, seed bags sold to farmers will indicate the presence of such plants, but there will be no requirement to label food as such on supermarket shelves.

Traceability and patent rules have also proved divisive issues, fuelling months of wrangling among EU countries and lawmakers. Major farming unions under Copa-Cogeca, along with big seed companies, had urged Brussels to simplify the rules to avoid falling behind global competitors such as the United States and China, where NGTs are already in use.

Environmental campaigners, however, maintain that loosening requirements risks undermining transparency and safety.

With negotiators now aligned, the proposal edges closer to becoming law. However, it must still secure formal approval from EU member states and the European Parliament before the new framework can take effect.

(with newswires)

Countries including Iceland, Ireland, Spain and the Netherlands, have threatened in recent months to pull out of the 2026 contest if Israel takes part.

Others, including Belgium, Finland and Sweden, have also indicated they were considering a boycott over the situation in Gaza.

In justifying its decision, Dutch broadcaster AVROTROS highlighted a “serious violation of press freedom” by Israel in Gaza.

It accused Israel of “proven interference… during the last edition of the Song Contest” — in which it came second — by lobbying the public overseas to vote for it.

The European Broadcasting Union (EBU), which organises the glitzy competition, had planned to convene member broadcasters in November for a vote on the issue.

But a few days after the October 10 announcement of a ceasefire agreement between Israel and Hamas, the EBU postponed a decision until its ordinary general assembly on December 4 and 5.

Then last month, in an apparent bid to avoid a contentious vote, the EBU announced that it had changed its voting rules to address members’ concerns and to strengthen “trust and transparency”.

During this week’s meeting, broadcasters will therefore be asked to consider whether the new measures are sufficient or whether they still wish to see a vote on Israel’s participation.

Eurovision returns amid protests over Palestine, Pride flags and parody lyrics

Boycott calls

ORF, the public broadcaster in Austria, which will host the 2026 contest, has expressed hope that a consensus can be reached so that it can host “as many participants as possible”.

But other broadcasters have suggested the new EBU measures are insufficient.

Iceland’s RUV said last week it would call for Israel to be expelled before determining its own participation in the 2026 edition.

Spain’s public broadcaster reaffirmed its intention to boycott the competition if Israel is allowed to take part.

“Israel has politically used the contest, has tried to influence the outcome, and has not been sanctioned for this conduct,” said RTVE president Jose Pablo Lopez.

Slovenia‘s public broadcaster is also set to snub the contest, judging from a budget passed last week that included no funds for participation.

But if at the EBU General Assembly “there is a vote on whether Israel should or should not participate at the Eurovision contest, and, if the result is that they do not participate, then we would propose… to participate”, said RTV Slovenija chief Natasa Gorscak.

The EBU rule changes came after the past two contests saw the Israeli acts receive little backing from professional juries but a surge of support from the public vote.

That catapulted Eden Golan from the depths of the jury rankings to fifth place in Malmo, Sweden in 2024, and Yuval Raphael to second place in Basel, Switzerland, this year.

If Israel is excluded, it would not be the first time a broadcaster is barred.

Russia was excluded following its 2022 invasion of Ukraine, while Belarus had been excluded a year earlier after the contested re-election of President Alexander Lukashenko.

The National Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (Anses) analysed more than 600 tap water samples and the same number of raw water samples taken between 2023 and 2025 from sites covering about one-fifth of France’s distributed water.

The tests show that trifluoroacetic acid, or TFA, is the most common PFAS found in drinking water. PFAS are known as forever chemicals because they persist for extremely long periods.

TFA is the smallest member of this group and forms when several industrial pollutants and pesticides break down. Officials say it is close to being classed by the European Union as toxic for reproduction and it also shows signs of harming liver function.

France cracks down on ‘forever chemicals’ in cosmetics, clothing

Ineffective treatments

Average TFA levels measured slightly above 1,000 nanograms per litre. The strongest reading reached 25,000 nanograms per litre in water taken downstream from a factory that produces TFA, which Anses says is evidence that current treatments are ineffective.

France’s previous record was 13,000 nanograms per litre in Moussac, near a Solvay plant that made TFA until September 2024.

“I have never seen such levels of TFA concentration in drinking water,” said environmental chemist Hans Peter Arp, adding the concentrations will keep rising because more TFA precursors are expected to enter ecosystems.

Anses said the results fall below the “indicative health value” used by the Health Ministry. In a note published on 23 December 2024, the ministry adopted Germany’s provisional level of 60,000 nanograms per litre, below which risk is considered zero.

France has set a reduction goal of 10,000 nanograms per litre and two samples in the study exceed that figure. The Netherlands applies a far stricter limit of 2,200 nanograms per litre.

These values will remain provisional until the European Food Safety Authority sets a reference level for safe daily intake of TFA from all sources. Its conclusions were expected this year but have been postponed to July 2026.

“The threshold proposed by the EFSA does not call into question the provisional value used in France,” said Matthieu Schuler, deputy director at Anses.

Study sounds alarm on toxic ‘forever chemicals’ used in EU pesticides

Pesticide rules 

EU rules set a stricter limit of 100 nanograms per litre for metabolites of so-called relevant pesticides – by-products left behind when the active substances in pesticides break down.

The European Commission considers TFA one of these metabolites because of its “worrying toxicity” for development. All samples taken by Anses exceed this 100-nanogram limit by an average factor of 10.

If France classified TFA in this way, most tap water would be labelled non-compliant. The health ministry has not asked Anses to assess TFA’s status as a pesticide metabolite.

Anses also found that TFA levels do not match the presence of other PFAS. Hydrology specialist Xavier Dauchy, who helped lead the study, said this shows separate contamination routes including atmospheric fallout.

Tap water in French cities contaminated by toxic forever chemicals, study warns

Other chemicals detected

The study found 11 of the 20 PFAS that EU rules label a priority for water checks from January under a 2020 directive.

PFOS, identified as a possible carcinogen, appeared in 19 percent of samples. Nine samples exceeded the 100-nanogram limit. For the first time in France, the study detected TFMSA, another ultra-short-chain PFAS, in 13 percent of samples.

Anses said it should be added to permanent water monitoring.

A polluter-pays fee meant to push industry to cut PFAS discharges was due to start this year under a law passed in February. Lawmakers have postponed it to 2027.

“This vote protects the industrialists rather than drinking water,” said Green MP Nicolas Thierry, who authored the PFAS law. He said the delay leaves municipalities facing decontamination costs without resources.

Research estimates put France’s annual clean-up bill at €12 billion.

(with newswires)

Under the agreement, LNG imports will end by the close of 2026 and pipeline gas will stop by the end of September 2027. These dates mark one of the final steps in cutting the revenue flows that once made Russia the bloc’s main supplier.

EU Commission President Ursula von der Leyen welcomed the move in a statement.

“Today, we are stopping these imports permanently. By depleting Putin’s war chest, we stand in solidarity with Ukraine and set our sights on new energy partnerships and opportunities for the sector,” she said.

Short-term LNG contracts signed before 17 June this year will end from 25 April 2026. Short-term pipeline contracts will stop from 17 June 2026. Longer contracts signed before that date will close in stages, with LNG finishing at the start of 2027 and pipeline supplies ending at the start of October 2027.

Countries that struggle to meet the necessary storage levels may be granted a one-month extension.

Both LNG and pipeline imports will require prior authorisation unless they come from major gas-producing countries that already restrict Russian supplies.

On NATO’s eastern flank, Romania finds itself at the crux of European security

Decades of reliance fading

As of October, Russia still supplied 12 percent of EU gas imports. Hungary, France and Belgium were among the countries still receiving shipments. That share has fallen from around 45 percent before the invasion.

Russian LNG has remained a significant part of EU supply even as pipeline deliveries dropped. Russia accounted for 20 percent of EU LNG imports in 2024. Imports of Russian LNG were still expected to reach €15 billion this year.

EU data showed Europe transferred nearly €10 billion to Russia for natural gas deliveries last year.

Russia once supplied about 40 percent of EU gas demand. That long relationship weakened after 2022 but has not yet ended fully.

EU Energy Commissioner Dan Jorgensen welcomed the shift. “We’ve made it: Europe is turning off the tap on Russian gas, forever,” he wrote on X.

The Kremlin said on Wednesday that the EU decision to move away from Russian gas will mean Europeans will pay much more for supplies.

Ukraine seeks $43bn in climate compensation from Russia over war

Oil proposal next

Von der Leyen has also pledged to phase out the remaining Russian oil entering the bloc. A proposal for that step will be presented early next year.

The overnight deal calls for plans to end Russian oil imports to Hungary and Slovakia by the end of 2027. The two countries received exemptions when the EU first moved to reduce Russian oil in 2022.

European companies will be able to use force majeure to break existing contracts once the ban takes effect. Entities that breach the rules may face penalties of €40 million, 300 percent of the transaction value or 3.5 percent of annual turnover.

The plan still needs final approval from the European Parliament and member states.

(with newswires)

The deputy executive secretary of the country’s National Electoral Commission (CNE), Idrissa Djalo, told journalists on Tuesday that they were “unable to conclude the electoral process”.

Reading a statement to reporters, Djalo said all of the tally sheets were destroyed except for those from Bissau, the country’s capital.

On Monday, members of the CNE met with a senior delegation from the Economic Community of West African States (Ecowas), who asked whether the body could release the results.

“We answered them no,” Djalo told reporters, describing how in the morning before the coup, “armed men wearing balaclavas burst into the tabulation room”.

Gunmen storm party headquarters as military cements power in Guinea-Bissau

According to Djalo, the men arrested the CNE president and five Supreme Court judges who were present, and additionally threatened 45 agents.

“They seized their phones and computers and destroyed all the tally sheets. We only have the tally sheets from Bissau,” Djalo said.

“The main server was destroyed. The tally sheets from Oio and Cacheu, which were being transferred, were intercepted and confiscated by other men. All the equipment was destroyed.”

Statement ‘under duress’

CNE president Mpabi Cabi, who was detained for five days, made his first public appearance alongside Djalo but did not address journalists.

According to Muniro Conte, the spokesperson for the historic opposition party, the African Party for the Independence of Guinea (PAIGC), this statement was made under duress.

“We all know that the Independent National Electoral Commission is under pressure,” he told RFI’s correspondent.

“It must be said that there are no security conditions for the announcement of the results. That’s reasonable, that’s acceptable. But when they say it’s a question of data entry, that’s not true. The data has been backed up.”

He asserts that it would be possible to compile the results using the existing tally sheets, given that each candidate’s representative received a copy.

This same solution has been put forward by opposition leader Fernando Dias da Costa of the Social Renovation Party (PRS), who on Tuesday was granted asylum by the Nigerian embassy in Guinea-Bissau.

“If the head of the CNE has lost data, then people should come together and compare it,” he said.

“Therefore, for us, it is still possible to announce the election results because it’s not only the CNE that has data. We all have data. I won the elections, and I even know by what percentage.”

Ecowas talks ‘productive’

The military takeover, which came before the official results of the 23 November presidential and parliamentary elections could be announced, has drawn condemnation from several organisations including the United Nations and the African Union.

Ecowas, which suspended Guinea-Bissau from all decision-making bodies until constitutional order is restored, sent a delegation to meet the junta on Monday.

Sierra Leone’s Foreign Minister Alhaji Musa Timothy Kabba told the press that while the discussions were “productive”, “both parties expressed their concerns”.

The junta again justified its seizure of power as a way to “preserve order and security,” and has already sworn in a new transitional leader, General Horta N’Tam, who will lead the country for one year.

Guinea-Bissau general sworn in as transitional president following coup

Seven civil society organisations have signed a pact demanding a return to constitutional order, the release of detainees, and the publication and respect of the election results.

The Guinean League for Human Rights expressed concern on Tuesday for people still in detention, including veteran opposition leader Domingo Simoes Pereira, as well as a member of his campaign team and an official from the PAIGC. Guinea-Bissau’s Attorney General, Fernando Gomez, also remains in detention.

Ecowas said it will address the case of Guinea-Bissau at an extraordinary meeting of the region’s heads of state on 14 December.

Motive unclear

The motive for the coup remains unclear, with speculation in some quarters that it was carried out with the blessing of President Umaro Sissoco Embalo, who has found refuge in the Republic of the Congo.

The opposition and some experts have suggested that Embalo, in power since 2020, orchestrated the takeover to halt the electoral process.

Sandwiched between Senegal and Guinea, Guinea-Bissau has already seen four coups and a host of attempted takeovers since gaining independence from Portugal in 1974.

Among the world’s poorest countries, it has now joined the likes of Burkina Faso, Mali, Madagascar, Niger and Sudan on the list of states suspended from the African Union following coups.

(with AFP)

The global fight against HIV/Aids has found itself at a troubling crossroads. On one hand, scientific progress is picking up pace; on the other, the latest UNAIDS report paints a stark picture of a world struggling to keep its momentum.

International response is weakening, held back by falling funding and disrupted health services.

Worldwide, an estimated 41 million people are now living with HIV. Last year saw 1.3 million new infections, and 9.2 million people still lack access to life-saving antiretroviral (ARV) treatment.

According to UNAIDS Executive Director Winnie Byanyima: “the global response to HIV has suffered its biggest setback in decades.” 

But she insists that “HIV is not over,” and has called for renewed global mobilisation.

Her plea follows especially disappointing news: the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria raised just over €9 billion for the next three years – far short of the €15 billion it says is needed.

This is even lower than the last replenishment round in 2022, threatening the future of crucial programmes around the world.

Trump’s aid cuts prompt African leaders to embrace self-reliance

Positive developments in the lab

But it’s not all bleak. In research centres worldwide, scientists are making remarkable advances.

Yazdan Yazdanpanah, director of the French National Agency for Research on AIDS and Emerging Diseases (ANRS-MIE), describes the situation as a paradox: impressive scientific advances on one side, declining capacity to roll them out on the other – a sort of “double dynamic”.

One encouraging development is the arrival of long-acting antiretroviral treatments. Instead of taking a pill every day, people can now receive treatment once every two months.

This, Yazdanpanah explains, boosts adherence and generally feels more manageable for many. Some 43 percent of people living with HIV say these long-acting treatments are their first choice – even before considering side effects or tablet size.

Prevention tools are also evolving. A major breakthrough is injectable PrEP, which offers long-term protection against HIV.

Stamping out misinformation in France’s fight against HIV-Aids

Lenacapavir – recently recommended by the World Health Organization – provides six months of protection with a single shot.

“It’s one injection every six months to prevent HIV,” says Yazdanpanah. Thanks to an international pricing agreement, the cost could be around €35 per year in 120 low-resource countries, compared with roughly €25,300 per year previously charged in the United States.

South Africa, Eswatini and Zambia on Monday began administering the groundbreaking injection in the drug’s first public rollouts in Africa.

Eastern and southern Africa account for about 52 percent of the 40.8 million people living with HIV worldwide, according to 2024 UNAIDS data.

Under the programme, manufacturer Gilead Sciences has agreed to provide lenacapavir at no profit to two million people in countries with a high HIV burden over three years.

Critics say this is far below the actual requirement and that the market price is out of reach for most people.

Progress needs power, power needs funding

These advances, impressive as they are, risk remaining theoretical unless health systems can keep up.

In 2025, global development aid for health fell by 22 percent, driven largely by reductions or withdrawals from major US programmes.

The consequences are already being felt, says Françoise Vanni, external relations director at the Global Fund.

“There has been a crisis in international financing for the fight against HIV/Aids and for global health more broadly, with drastic cuts from a number of donor countries that have really caused major interruptions in the delivery of essential services,” she explained to RFI.

With infections rising again in several countries, she is blunt about the reality for frontline programmes: “Very concretely, it means it is much more difficult to fight these diseases effectively.”

AIDS pandemic risks ‘resurging globally’ amid US funding halt: UN

Nowhere is this fragility clearer than in sub-Saharan Africa, which bears a disproportionate share of the epidemic. The region accounts for a large share of new HIV infections and is home to 60 percent of all people living with the virus.

In 13 countries, fewer people started treatment last year. Supply shortages have been felt, too, with disruptions in Ethiopia and the Democratic Republic of Congo affecting both HIV testing and access to antiretroviral (ARV) therapy.

The funding crisis, compounded by the lasting effects of the Covid-19 pandemic, is undermining the progress made since the early 2000s.

In Nigeria, condom distribution has dropped by 55 percent.

Community organisations – traditionally the backbone of HIV work – are also under heavy strain, with more than 60 percent of those led by women forced to suspend essential programmes.

UNAIDS makes its position clear: science alone cannot end the epidemic. The agency is urging the global community to rethink the funding model so that heavily affected countries invest more of their own resources. Without this shift, the world will almost certainly fall short of its goal to end the HIV/Aids epidemic by 2030.

At best, current trends would allow the international community merely to hold the epidemic steady. At worst, if the decline in funding continues, UNAIDS warns of a resurgence of HIV/Aids by 2030.

This has been adapted from the original article in French and lightly edited for clarity.

On the night of 13 November 2015, then president Francois Hollande declared a nationwide state of emergency, granting French police and intelligence services extraordinary authority to carry out searches and detain people suspected of being involved in terrorism.

These measures, extended a week later, let police bypass the ordinary judicial process and decide whom to target, with judges reviewing the legality only afterwards if officers’ choices were challenged in court.

The public largely accepted these restrictions on civil liberties because the terrorist threat remained high.

“After a traumatic event, after a crisis, it is easier to justify a reduction in rights and heightened security measures. People are expecting the government to do something, whatever it is,” explains Sophie Duroy, a professor at the University of Essex School of Law’s Human Rights Centre.

“In a way, the population may be willing to sacrifice some of their liberties because they fear the next terrorist attack.”

Listen to an interview with Sophie Duroy in the Spotlight on France podcast:

When a deadly truck attack in Nice followed in July 2016, France’s parliament incorporated these emergency powers into ordinary law, through bills passed in 2017 and in 2021.

According to Jean-Christophe Couville, national secretary of the Unité police union, France previously lacked the tools to address terrorist threats.

In the days following the November 2015 attacks, emergency powers enabled police to search over 400 people and seize dozens of arms as well as drugs, he told RFI, in what he calls “collateral effects” that he argues “maybe saved lives”.

Abuse of power

Rights defenders say it is an abuse of power to use extraordinary measures intended to fight terrorism in order to deal with ordinary crime.

Duroy points to the disproportionate impact of these powers on France’s Muslim community in the aftermath of the 2015 attacks.

“Individuals and associations were subjected to house arrest, or their places of worship were closed, for instance. Their freedom of religion, freedom of association, freedom of assembly – their basic liberty – was affected,” she says.

And there was “mission creep”, as police used their expanded powers more broadly.

How French Muslims have wrestled with Charlie Hebdo’s impact, 10 years on

Policing dissent

During the Cop21 summit in Paris in December 2015, police detained and placed climate activists under house arrest on the grounds that they might disturb public order.

“Because there is very little judicial oversight, it is very hard to control who you target with these measures,” says Duroy.

“And we have seen this kind of mission creep more and more in the past few years to police dissent, rather than to police terrorism.”

Other terrorist attacks – realised and foiled – continued to keep France on high alert.  

Later, during the Covid pandemic, France declared a health state of emergency, restricting peoples’ movements. Meanwhile laws introduced for the 2024 Paris Olympics temporarily authorised algorithmic video surveillance, which the government is considering renewing through 2027 in preparation for the 2030 Winter Olympics in the French Alps.

“France is the main advocate for digital surveillance technologies and for authorising them and using them on a large-scale basis,” says Duroy.

Expanded surveillance

For police unionist Couville, digital surveillance is just another means to anticipate crimes, or find culprits after the fact.

“We need these new tools,” he said. “They help us to work proactively, to identify someone who is wanted, for example. It helps us to reconstruct a crime scene and helps with arrests.”

Duroy warns, however, that more tools and repressive measures could backfire, putting the public on the defensive.

She argues that respecting human rights and international law is the best way to protect national security, because it avoids escalation and maintains public trust.

“If the population believes you are respecting their rights they would be willing to cooperate with security services and the police,” she says.

“If people think that their rights are not going to be respected or their family’s rights are not going to be respected, they will not give a tip to the police about the fact that maybe their brother is becoming radicalised or their son is becoming radicalised.”

France accused of restricting protests and eroding democracy

Siding with caution

Because counterterrorism is global, France both shares and relies on information from other countries’ intelligence services, which may be more likely to cooperate if they trust that international standards are being respected.

Yet arguing against tougher security powers is an uphill battle. 

Those trying to slow the expansion of surveillance regularly challenge these measures in court – something Duroy says is not always effective, as judges often side with governments.

“Courts have been very happy to defer to national governments in matters of national security because they trust their risk assessments and because of the very high stakes of terrorism,” she says. “No one wants to be blamed if a terrorist attack happens.”

Listen to an interview with Sophie Duroy on the Spotlight on France podcast, episode 135.

With negotiations ongoing between leading parties including the Democrats 66 (D66) and the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA), observers are watching for signs of a more balanced approach to migration, after years of heated rhetoric and restrictive measures.

Changes in the Dutch political landscape have coincided with the launch, earlier this month, of the European Commission’s first Annual Migration Management Cycle, under the Pact on Migration and Asylum.

This EU initiative aims to enhance coordination among member states on migration management, asylum procedures and integration efforts.

The European Commission regards the Netherlands as one of the countries at risk of “experiencing migratory pressure” – but describes the situation as showing “a continued improvement”.

‘Relatively stable’

Myrthe Wijnkoop, senior policy advisor at the Amsterdam-based refugee charity Vluchtelingenwerk, agrees that despite the heated political debate, the reality is quite different. 

Asylum applications in the Netherlands have remained “relatively stable” over the past decade, she says.

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According to the UNHCR Refugee Data Finder, there are 262,974 refugees and asylum seekers in The Netherlands – including 46,900 asylum seekers who have made their applications this year.

Notable surges in these numbers – such as the Syrian refugee peak in 2015-16 and the influx of Ukrainians in 2022 under a special temporary protection scheme – highlight that “geopolitical events, not domestic rhetoric” primarily drive refugee flows, according to Wijnkoop.

“There’s a quite stable number of persons coming every year,” she explains, adding that the political framing of a “crisis” is misplaced. “People don’t choose where they go, they leave because of persecution and violence, not because of facilities.”

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‘Left in limbo’

However, problems remain: the country’s reception centres are overcrowded and asylum procedures often take more than two years to commence.

During this period, asylum seekers face restricted rights and profound uncertainty. “Waiting times and shortages of decent housing and facilities… it’s a big problem,” says Wijnkoop. “People are left in limbo. If you imagine when you just can’t do anything the whole day but just wait… It’s devastating for people’s mental health.”

Attempts to distribute responsibility for asylum reception evenly across Dutch municipalities, embodied in recent legislation, have come up against local resistance and political hesitation. 

However, Wijnkoop remains cautiously optimistic, saying: “If the next government is upholding that legislation and is promoting the execution thereof, it can be a success.”

The PVV’s defeat is in contrast with the rising influence of Marine Le Pen’s far-right National Rally (RN) in France, where there were 751,218 asylum seekers and refugees registered in 2025, including 77,412 new asylum claims. Waiting times for these to be processed under the French system currently exceed eight months. 

The French government under Emmanuel Macron has pursued reforms aimed at tightening asylum procedures and increasing deportations, positioning asylum increasingly as a matter of national security rather than humanitarian protection.

“The countdown has officially begun, everything is going perfectly.”

Adenot was all smiles as she greeted journalists in Toulouse on Monday to discuss the Epsilon mission to the International Space Station (ISS), scheduled for next February, in one of her last public appearances before her departure.

An engineer by training and a helicopter test pilot for the French Air and Space Force, Adenot is France’s first female astronaut since Claudie Haigneré 25 years ago.

The 43-year-old was selected to represent the next generation of European Space Agency (ESA) astronauts in April 2022.

Aiming for the stars lands French astronaut Sophie Adenot a ticket to ISS

To prepare herself, she says can rely on the experience of former astronauts, whom she consults whenever necessary.

“We have everything we need to stay calm because our training is designed by engineers who have been familiar with the ISS operations for over 20 years,” she explained.

“But I’m human,” she went on. “At some point, this serenity will be challenged, but I don’t know when or how. That’s a source of curiosity, in a way.”

Medical research

If all goes to plan, on 15 February she will take her place aboard a SpaceX rocket on the launch pad at Cape Canaveral, Florida, in the United States, which will take her to the ISS.

Hundreds of scientific experiments are planned for the 240-day mission, around 10 of which were developed by France through the National Centre for Space Studies (CNES).

Her mission will serve three purposes: to improve scientific and medical knowledge, to prepare for the future of space missions and to involve young people.

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Adenot admits that the experiments in the field of health are the ones that most pique her curiosity. “I am intrigued and interested in this type of experiment, because they could have a direct and concrete impact on our everyday lives.”

Adenot will be analysing the effects of weightlessness on astronauts’ organs using medical imaging. Since CT scanner or MRI machines are too bulky to be taken aboard the ISS, she’ll be using ultrasound.

For 40 years, CNES has used its expertise in ultrasound analysis in space, with astronaut Thomas Pesquet employing it during his two previous missions aboard the ISS.

The ultrasound device that Adenot will be testing, called EchoFinder, is revolutionary. It will allow for autonomous ultrasound scans, without prior medical training or ground assistance.

Aristée Thevenon, an engineer at the Institute of Space Medicine and Physiology (MEDES), a CNES partner, explains that astronauts will be aided by augmented reality and artificial intelligence displayed on a screen.

“The idea is to place virtual spheres representing the probe’s position into virtual cubes representing the ideal probe position. When we manage to place our spheres into our cubes, it turns green, which means we have found the ideal probe position,” he told RFI.

The experiment will help prepare for future space missions to the Moon and Mars, “where communication delays, sometimes of just a few minutes, will make any real-time guidance from Earth impossible,” Thevenon says.

Back on the ground, the technology could also help improve access for patients in remote areas, where ultrasounds are not necessarily available due to a lack of technical expertise.

“We can also imagine a version for submarines, which are confined environments quite similar to those of the International Space Station,” he added.

Human ‘guinea pigs’

Rémi Canton, head of human spaceflight at CNES says that with EchoFinder, Adenot will play a dual role, both testing the equipment on herself and on fellow crew members.

For eight months, Adenot will become a kind of guinea pig to make it possible to observe physiological phenomena that are unobservable on Earth due to gravity.

This will be the case with PhysioTool, a scientific experiment designed to measure several physiological parameters, including cardiovascular ones, using sensors. 

Marc-Antoine Custaud, a researcher at the University of Angers and sponsor of this study explains that in the absence of gravity, blood circulation slows down.

“This is what we call cardiovascular deconditioning,” he explains. “Our goal is to understand how the cardiovascular system becomes unadapted to gravity, what needs to be done to make it adapt to microgravity, and how to readjust it upon returning to Earth.”

Bacteria under the super-microscope

When it comes to health and wellbeing, cleanliness is a crucial issue for astronauts: 10 percent of their mission time is spent on cleaning.

Sébastien Rouquette is an engineer and head of the Matisse-4 experiment for CNES, which will collect bacteria and bring back samples to Earth in order to analyse them in detail using a super-microscope.

His team wants to understand how micro-organisms associate with each other and settle on the surfaces of the ISS. 

“The goal is to develop innovative surfaces with coatings that limit or prevent bacterial growth,” he tells RFI.

These new antibacterial coatings would offer several advantages: they would limit the use of toxic bactericides on board and allow astronauts to save time, a precious resource on board the ISS.

The research could be useful on Earth too. “I’m thinking of door handles, handrails in the subway or on buses and hospitals. We’re starting to have some pretty serious leads on concrete applications within a few years,” Rouquette says.

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The next generation

During her mission, Adenot will also conduct an educational experiment called ChlorISS, in partnership with 4,500 French schools.

The idea is to simultaneously germinate Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica rapa japonica (“Minuza”) seeds in microgravity, both on the ISS and on Earth, in order to observe the effects of gravity and light on the growth of these two plants.

Marie Fesuick, who is in charge of the ChlorISS experiment, says it will last 10 days.

“Every day, Adenot will photograph the progress of germination, then she will send the photos to schools. Students will be able to compare these photos with the observations they make in their classrooms and observe any differences,” she explains.

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Involving young people with experiments on the ISS has become an integral part of space missions.

In 2021, during his second mission, Pesquet conducted a similar experiment with the “blob”, a yellow single-celled creature, neither animal nor plant. 

“We hope to inspire some young people, to spark vocations, not necessarily in space, but in science in general,” explains Fesuick.

Adenot agrees: “It’s important that young people identify with [these] career paths. I will be as generous as possible in sharing my experience with them, as much as time allows.”

A new spacesuit

She will also have the opportunity to test a new space suit, known as the “EuroSuit“.

In development since 2023, it is designed to be worn by the astronaut inside the spacecraft during take-off and docking phases, and in case of emergency.

It was developed as part of a partnership between CNES, the French start-up Spartan Space, the Institute of Space Medicine and Physiology and the innovation branch of the Decathlon sporting goods company.

According to Decathlon, the suit can be “donned or doffed in less than two minutes and completely autonomously”.

Adenot will test the prototype during her mission to validate its ergonomics in microgravity conditions, in conjunction with further tests on the ground.

She has a packed schedule between now and the launch date. She still has to undergo several tests to collect baseline medical data. “We’ll take them aboard the ISS and then compare them with the data I collect when I return to Earth,” she explains.

And she still needs to familiarise herself with handling the SpaceX Crew Dragon capsule, which will take her to the ISS.

“We rehearse the standard procedures and emergency procedures extensively, to be prepared for any eventuality.”

This article was adapted from the original version in French by Baptiste Coulon.

Cells are packed far beyond capacity, medical care is scarce and most detainees have not yet seen a judge, the UN warned, adding that Haiti’s deep humanitarian crisis has fed this collapse of the prison system.

Armed street violence is preventing people from moving around, institutions are falling apart and widespread poverty is pushing families to breaking point.

The report, published on 11 November, said more than 7,200 people – men, women and minors – were being held in facilities that are often three times over their original capacity. 

At least 82 percent of detainees are stuck in prolonged pre-trial detention. Many have spent years waiting for a first hearing.

One prisoner in Port-au-Prince told William O’Neill, the UN expert on the human rights situation in Haiti, that he had been waiting two years for a hearing in a case involving an alleged theft of shoes.

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Years in cramped cells

O’Neill described the conditions as “subhuman”, adding there was not enough food or medical care and that prisoners were kept in cells for long hours with very little air, light, drinking water or access to toilets and showers.

He said 52 deaths were recorded in the three-month period from July to September, mostly from preventable diseases made worse by the lack of care and clean water.

UN figures said gangs now control around 90 percent of Port-au-Prince, often stopping courts and prison staff from carrying out basic duties.

In March 2024, attacks on the national penitentiary and the Croix-des-Bouquets prison led to the escape of 4,600 detainees. The episode further weakened the system.

Before 2021, the prison network had around 3,000 places. Floods, attacks and demolitions then cut its capacity. Violence in the west of the country worsened the decline.

Five prisons in the capital were abandoned due to extreme threats from armed gangs. No reconstruction plan has begun.

Crisis in Jacmel

Jacmel, a coastal city known for its beaches and carnival celebrations, is facing one of the most critical situations. Fourteen detainees died in the prison there in July.

The Mobile Institute for Democratic Education (IMED) said Jacmel was the most worrying prison it had seen this year. “It has no doctor. Are the authorities not informed? To me, this seems deliberate,” IMED director Kettly Julien said.

The organisation said that cells are cramped, foul smelling and overcrowded, without ventilation, adding that poor care and close contact mean disease spreads rapidly.

“As soon as one inmate falls ill, he easily transmits his disease to others,” the institute said.

Frantz Comonce, a lawyer and coordinator of the legal aid office in Jacmel, criticised the lack of food and drinking water. Families, he said, often have to bring water themselves, which many cannot afford to do regularly.

Jacmel’s prison holds nearly 800 detainees in 17 cells. Comonce said the facility needs medicine but that the most urgent needs are food and water. Detainees also need time outdoors, he added.

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Warnings ignored

Haiti’s National Network for the Defence of Human Rights (RNDDH) warned that the wave of deaths stems directly from these conditions.

“It’s not a surprise that people continue to die in prison. There have been many warning signals, but they were ignored,” programme head Marie-Rose Auguste said, accusing the authorities of failing to act.

“The authorities continue to trample on the rights to life, health and dignity of incarcerated people.”

The rights group also criticised the slow pace of judges and prosecutors, saying case files remain stalled, trials are delayed and prolonged detention remains the norm.

Inside El Salvador’s giant prison with photographer Juan Carlos

Calls for action

Meanwhile the Office for the Protection of Citizens, Haiti’s national human rights ombudsman, raised similar concerns in March, saying conditions were inhumane and contradicted international conventions ratified by Haiti.

After its investigation, it issued recommendations urging urgent measures.

Its head, Jean Wilner Morin, said the solution lies in building proper prison facilities that ensure dignity and meet international standards.

Unless the justice system cuts prolonged detention, unless cells stop being overcrowded and dirty, and unless access to water, food and care improves, the situation will only grow worse, RNDDH warned.

This article was adapted from the original version in French by Peterson Luxama, RFI’s correspondent in Port-au-Prince.

“The accused did not come to Algeria to do journalistic work but to commit a hostile act,” said the prosecutor, who also requested a fine of 500,000 Algerian dinars (approximately €3,300).

Christophe Gleizes, 36, a contributor to the French magazines So Foot and Society, imprisoned in Algeria since the end of June, had previously asked the court for leniency, stating that he should have applied for a journalist visa instead of a tourist visa to come and report.

Called to the stand at his appeal trial on Wednesday morning, 36-year-old Gleizes asked for leniency, acknowledging that he had made “many journalistic errors despite [his] good intentions.”

A contributor to the French magazines So Foot and Society, Gleizes also admitted that he should have been aware that some of his contacts were linked to an organisation classified as terrorist in Algeria.

“I beg your mercy so that I can be reunited with my family,” he said in an emotional testimony.

Tourism visa

Gleizes had travelled to Algeria to write an article about the country’s most successful football club, Jeunesse Sportive de Kabylie (JSK), based in Tizi Ouzou, 100 km east of Algiers.

French NGO Reporters Without Borders (RSF) said he was arrested on 28 May 2024 and placed under judicial supervision, for “entering the country with a tourist visa, for ‘glorifying terrorism’ and ‘possession of publications for propaganda purposes that harm the national interest'”.

The justice system accused him of having been in contact with an offical from the JSK, who was also one of the leaders of the Movement for the Self-Determination of Kabylie (MAK), which was classified as a terrorist organisation by Algerian authorities in 2021.

Algeria sentences French sports journalist to seven years behind bars

According to RSF, the initial exchanges between the two men “took place well before this categorisation by the Algerian authorities” and “the only exchange that occurred in 2024 concerned the preparation of his report” on JSK, “something Christophe Gleizes has never hidden.”

Gleizes “has no business being in prison; his only crime is having done his job as a sports journalist and loving Algerian football,” Thibaut Bruttin, director general of RSF told the press in October.

During the initial trial in June, Gleizes’ French lawyer, Emmanuel Daoud said that there had been “a complete misunderstanding of the journalistic profession,” by Algerian authorities.

“We had to explained to the judges that a journalist does not engage in politics,” that he “is not an ideologue,” “not an activist,” Daoud told France Inter radio.

The lawyer insisted however on his respect for the “independent and sovereign” Algerian justice system and refuted accusations circulating in France that the journalist was “being held hostage”.

He stressed that Gleizes had been able to receive visitors, had access to his criminal file, and consulted with his lawyers.

Support campaigns

In September, RSF launched a petition and an campaign in support of Gleizes and called on football clubs to raise awareness of Gleizes’ imprisonment by making statements before matches.

“Support for Christophe Gleizes is a grassroots movement of all those who love journalism and those who love sport,” Bruttin said.

At the end of November, nine media organisations published a petition, calling for Gleizes’ release, stating that the”freedom of the press cannot be held hostage”.

They reiterated that “a reporter who interviews a sports official is not complicit in their positions: they are doing their job.”

They added that “diplomatic tensions must never lead to imprisonment, especially of journalists”, referring to the recent tensions between France and Algeria.

Franco-Algerian writer Boualem Sansal calls for ‘reconciliation’ between France, Algeria

Indeed at the time of his arrest, Gleizes found himself caught in the midst of a diplomatic crisis between France and its former colony, marked in particular by the withdrawal of the two ambassadors and the reciprocal expulsions of diplomats. 

Tensions escalated with France’s recognition of Moroccan sovereignty over Western Sahara in July 2024, where Algeria backs the pro-independence Polisario Front.

Last November, Algerian authorities arrested the Franco-Algerian writer Boualem Sansal, who spent a year in prison on national security charges before being pardoned last month.

Relations also took a dive when in January this year, when Algeria refused to take back an Algerian influencer deported from France, accused of inciting violence on social media.

European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen announced on Wednesday that the EU intends to cover two-thirds of Ukraine’s projected needs for 2026 and 2027.

The International Monetary Fund estimates Kyiv will require around €137 billion over that period, and Brussels aims to contribute €90 billion of that sum through what it calls a “reparations loan” backed by frozen Russian funds.

“Today we are sending a very strong message to the Ukrainian people. We are with them for the long haul,” von der Leyen said as she presented the plan, which would use Russian money as collateral rather than seizing it outright.

She argued that harnessing the frozen assets would boost Ukraine’s position in future peace talks with Moscow and Washington, while signalling to the Kremlin that prolonging the war “comes with a high cost”.

She also confirmed she had briefed the United States administration on the proposal.

EU leaders have already committed to supporting Ukraine through 2026-27, and the bloc has poured in more than €170 billion since Russia’s full-scale invasion began in 2022.

If the reparations loan plan fails to secure political backing, von der Leyen said the EU could instead borrow on international markets – but that fallback would require unanimous approval, giving Hungary an effective veto.

Russia has denounced the concept of reparation loans as outright “theft”.

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Belgium rejects ‘worst option’

As it stands, the largest pool of potential funding lies in the €210 billion in Russian assets immobilised in Europe, most of which – around €194 billion – sits in Belgium.

To calm nerves in Brussels, the European Commission has drafted a complex suite of safeguards, including measures against possible Russian retaliation, a ban on releasing any frozen assets and a framework for collective EU borrowing to guarantee loans to Ukraine.

However, Belgian Foreign Minister Maxime Prévot was unconvinced.

Speaking in Brussels, Prévot called the reparations loan option “the worst of all, as it is risky. It has never been done before”.

Reading from prepared notes at NATO headquarters, he urged fellow member states to opt for the more conventional route of EU-backed borrowing on global markets.

“It is a well-known, robust and well-established option with predictable parameters,” he said.

He warned that the Commission’s proposal leaves Belgium to bear too much of the fallout should Russia challenge the scheme, or should Euroclear – the Brussels-based financial clearing house holding most of the frozen assets – face legal trouble.

“It is not acceptable to use the money and leave us alone facing the risks,” he said. “We are simply seeking to avoid potential disastrous consequences for a member state that is being asked to show solidarity without being offered the same solidarity in return.”

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‘We will share the burden’

Under the Commission’s plan, the €90 billion would effectively constitute an advance on the vast reparations Kyiv expects from Moscow for the destruction caused by the war.

Ukraine would reimburse the loan once Russia pays up. If it refuses, the assets will remain indefinitely frozen.

Von der Leyen insisted the EU had taken Belgium’s objections seriously. “We have listened very carefully to Belgium’s concerns, and we have taken almost all of them into account in our proposal,” she said. “We will share the burden in a fair way, as it is the European way.”

Other member states echoed Belgium’s worries, yet stressed the urgency of keeping Ukraine afloat.

German Foreign Minister Johann Wadephul said Belgium’s fears were “justified” but resolvable – “if we are prepared to take responsibility together”.

Meanwhile, Dutch Foreign Minister David van Weel underlined the importance of the frozen funds for supporting Ukraine’s economy. “We understand the Belgian concerns, and we are willing to at least make sure that they are not alone in this,” he said.

Several countries have already signalled readiness to provide financial guarantees if required.

Belgium itself has been earning tax income from the frozen funds, and interest generated on the assets is already helping finance a G7-organised loan programme for Ukraine.

However, the European Central Bank has warned that an EU-level reparations loan could unsettle confidence in the euro on global markets.

EU leaders will meet again at a summit in Brussels on 18 December.

(with newswires)

The German president’s visit will feature all the regal splendour expected of such an occasion – a state banquet at Windsor Castle and a rare address to both houses of parliament are on the agenda, signalling the importance London and Berlin now place on their rekindled partnership.

However, behind the pomp and ceremony lies a practical purpose, as Steinmeier will meet Prime Minister Keir Starmer for talks centred on their countries’ joint support for Ukraine as it continues to defend itself against Russia.

The war has become the key driver of British–German co-operation, bringing the two European powers closer than at any point in years.

Steinmeier’s trip reciprocates King Charles III’s own 2023 state visit to Germany – his first as monarch – and has been seen in Berlin as a symbolic marker of renewed goodwill. The president’s office described the moment as “a new era in relations between our two countries”.

After a stretch in which “Great Britain distanced itself from Europe”, there is now a clear sense that the UK is “moving back”. Steinmeier himself was sharply critical during the Brexit referendum campaign, accusing “irresponsible politicians” of having “lured” the country into departing the EU – behaviour he once branded “outrageous”.

Nevertheless, relations began to thaw under former Conservative prime minister Rishi Sunak and have continued to strengthen under Starmer’s centre-left government.

Both the UK and German governments have worked to steady ties in the face of rising pressure at home from hard-right, anti-immigration parties – Germany’s Alternative for Germany (AfD) and the Eurosceptic Reform UK, led by Nigel Farage.

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Security first 

Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the turbulence of the Trump administration have prompted Europe’s major powers to deepen their own lines of communication – including former World War adversaries Britain and Germany.

The two countries have markedly stepped up their collaboration. In October 2024, they signed a defence pact, followed in July by their first-ever “friendship treaty”. Both moves reflected the growing security reliance between western Europe’s two biggest military spenders.

“The core of the relationship is in the security and foreign policy field,” said Nicolai von Ondarza of the German Institute for International and Security Affairs. Yet, he told reporters, the UK remains “much less present in German political debate than it has been in the past”.

He believes there is scope for Britain to move further towards its European partners, but that Berlin harbours “apprehension that the current Labour government won’t be courageous enough to move further on cooperation with the EU”, especially with Farage’s polling numbers on the rise.

The 2024 friendship treaty also included commitments on tackling irregular migration and boosting cultural and educational exchange – areas expected to feature in the leaders’ talks.

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Remembering the past, focus on the future

Historical reflection is an important part of Steinmeier’s trip. On Friday he will visit Coventry, a city devastated by German bombing in World War II, where he will lay a wreath at the city’s cathedral.

In a display of reconciliation, he will be joined by members of the Luftwaffe alongside British servicemen, underscoring how far the two nations’ military ties have evolved.

He will also meet school groups from Coventry and Dresden – itself one of the German cities most heavily bombed by the Allies – for a discussion on shared history and future co-operation.

The president will then travel to Oxford to receive an honorary doctorate and visit the facilities of a Siemens subsidiary.

Business links will be a strong theme throughout the trip, as representatives from Siemens, BMW, Deutsche Bank, RWE and other major German firms will accompany Steinmeier.

Mercedes, meanwhile, is set to unveil a €22 million electric-vehicle technology project expected to generate around 150 jobs in the UK – a significant boost to Britain’s growing EV sector.

Steinmeier will also stop by a school in east London on Thursday, joined by former German international football star Per Mertesacker and Arsenal forward Kai Havertz.

(with newswires)

The plan, to be presented by the European Commission, centres on creating a European hub for critical materials that would pool company orders and build joint stockpiles, an effort driven by Industry Commissioner Stéphane Séjourné.

The commission wants to curb how much European firms rely on China, which dominates global rare earth processing and requires foreign buyers to disclose how the materials will be used.

“Europe wants to send a signal to manufacturers which is ‘watch out for your resilience’,” said Bruno Jacquemin, of French industry group the Alliance for Minerals, Metals and Materials.

“If you prefer to buy your steel in China, your rare earths in China because they are cheaper, you will be in the hands of actors who can put you in a state of absolute vassalisation.”

Concerns also focus on how Brussels would manage sensitive sectors such as defence, an issue sharpened by China’s dominance in refining more than 90 percent of the world’s rare earths and by the fact that many European buyers operate in areas linked to national security.

“I am doubtful about the practical effectiveness of a system run from Brussels,” Jacquemim told RFI. “Should Europe spell out everything it does for these national defence issues? I am not sure it is a good idea to proclaim that loudly.”

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A commercial stand-off

The broader question of leverage between Europe and China sits behind the debate.

“Europe needs rare earths from China, but China needs the 450 million consumers that Europe represents,” Jacquemin said, adding tht commercial pressure rather than bureaucracy will be needed if Europe hopes to reduce its dependence on China.

The discussion comes as Emmanuel Macron travels to China, where rebalancing trade ties is among the goals.

EU officials are pushing the initiative amid what they describe as over-reliance on China and rising global competition.

European Central Bank chief Christine Lagarde said last week: “Europe has become more vulnerable, also due to our dependency on third countries for our security and the supply of critical raw materials.”

Fresh anxiety hit European industries after China threatened new rare earth export limits in October, following earlier restrictions in April. Europe is now “directly targeted” by trade tensions between the United States and China, Industry Commissioner Séjourné said this week.

RESourceEU is part of a wider package being unveiled on Wednesday that the commission calls its Economic Security Doctrine, which is intended to make European firms more self-sufficient, Reuters reported.

The framework mirrors the RePowerEU scheme that helped the bloc move away from Russian oil and gas.

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Expensive and slow

Building Europe’s rare earth and critical minerals capacity is expected to be costly and slow. An EU official said an early step would be to allocate €3 billion to the most urgent 25 of 60 strategic projects in the sector.

These projects cover rare earths as well as gallium, germanium and lithium.

Concerns that Europe could fall behind the United States, Japan, Canada and Australia are widespread in the industry. One executive told Reuters: “Time is against the EU. They have been too slow.”

Experts say breaking free from Chinese rare earths will be harder than ending reliance on Russian natural gas because the materials cannot be easily replaced and China dominates extraction and processing know-how.

Recycling will play a major role, although Europe will still need enough raw material to feed that system.

A pilot stockpile scheme is already under way with some EU member states to buy and store critical minerals together. Decisions on which materials to store will wait until a new critical minerals centre opens next year.

(with newswires)

On Tuesday, Belgian authorities arrested the trio after searching the EU diplomatic service’s headquarters in Brussels and the College of Europe, a prestigious training institute for future policymakers, in Bruges.

The European Public Prosecutor’s Office (EPPO) said on Wednesday that Mogherini, now rector of the College of Europe, was among those detained, along with a senior college staff member and an official from the European Commission.

The EPPO said the Belgian Federal Judicial Police questioned all three before formally notifying them of the accusations. These relate to suspected procurement fraud and corruption, conflict of interest and breaches of professional secrecy.

All three were released afterwards, with investigators saying they were unlikely to flee.

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High-profile investigation 

Mogherini led the EU’s external action service from 2014 to 2019 and was involved in some of the bloc’s most delicate diplomatic efforts, including the Iran nuclear talks and efforts to ease tensions between Serbia and Kosovo.

The EPPO said police had searched the suspects’ homes as well as several college buildings and the headquarters of the European External Action Service (EEAS), the EU’s foreign policy body.

The EEAS sits in central Brussels, close to other major EU institutions.

Investigators have not linked any outside actor or foreign government to the case. The probe focuses instead on what the EPPO described as “strong suspicions” of fraud in awarding a tender to run a training programme for junior diplomats at the EU Diplomatic Academy during the 2021-2022 academic year.

The EEAS was then overseen by Josep Borrell, who served as Vice President of the European Commission.

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Blow for EU integrity efforts

The accusations against Mogherini come as the EU tries to move past several corruption and influence-peddling scandals.

The largest, known as Qatargate, emerged in late 2022 and involved lawmakers, parliamentary aides, lobbyists and relatives.

Belgian prosecutors said Qatari and Moroccan officials paid cash to shape EU decisions, though both countries denied wrongdoing.

There have been no convictions and the prospects for a trial remain unclear.

Earlier this year, several people were arrested in a probe involving Chinese tech giant Huawei, suspected of bribing members of the European Parliament.

In 2023, a former aide to far-right German MEP Maximilian Krah was detained over allegations of spying for China. Krah, now in Germany’s federal parliament, said he had no knowledge of the suspicions involving his former staffer.

(with newswires)

Investigators said the man was arrested one week earlier and is thought to have been part of the group that carried out the raid on the world’s most visited museum. The jewellery taken during the October break-in has not been recovered.

The suspect was born in Seine-Saint-Denis, a working-class department of Paris, and has six previous convictions. Paris prosecutor Laure Beccuau said last week that those convictions included pimping and receiving stolen goods.

His lawyers, Menya Arab-Tigrine and Farida Cagniard, told the French news agency AFP they opposed the decision to remand him in custody, adding the solitary confinement ordered for him at Fresnes jail threatened his “human dignity”.

“At the moment, there is no evidence allowing one to say that he was at the scene [of the heist],” they said.

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Daring raid

The robbery on 19 October saw the thieves park a truck with an extendable ladder below the Louvre’s Apollo Gallery, which houses the French crown jewels.

The gang then climbed the ladder, broke a window and used angle grinders to cut into the glass display booths containing the treasures.

Investigators said the team included four men. Two entered the gallery while the other two waited below. The group then escaped on high-powered motor scooters.

French prosecutors said the latest arrest brought the number of suspects in custody to four. Each is charged with organised theft and criminal conspiracy.

A fifth suspect, a 38-year-old woman who is the partner of one of the men, has been charged with being an accomplice. She was released under judicial supervision pending trial.

Investigators said the stolen items are valued at about €88 million. Authorities have not provided details on the next procedural steps and have not reported any progress in the search for the stolen jewels.

(with AFP)

Macron has in the last weeks intensified warnings on the risks of disinformation, on Friday calling for changes to French legislation that would allow “false information” online to be urgently blocked.

‘Ministry of truth’

He has also called for “professional certification” of outlets to distinguish sites and networks that provide reliable information according to ethical rules from others that do not.

But at the weekend, the Journal du Dimanche Sunday newspaper, part of the influential media stable of right-wing tycoon Vincent Bollore, accused Macron in a front-page story of a “totalitarian drift” on the issue.

It also denounced “the temptation of a ministry of truth”, referring to the propaganda branch of the totalitarian system in British novelist George Orwell’s dystopian fiction “1984”.

Did French media silence enable Brigitte Macron fake news story to go viral?

This accusation was then repeated on other Bollore-owned media outlets including the CNews television channel and radio station Europe 1, whose star presenter Pascal Praud lambasted a “president unhappy with his treatment by the media and who wants to impose a single narrative”.

The leader of the far-right National Rally (RN) party Jordan Bardella chipped in, telling CNews: “Tampering with freedom of expression is an authoritarian temptation, which corresponds to the solitude of a man… who has lost power and seeks to maintain it by controlling information.”

The leader of the right-wing Republicans and former interior minister Bruno Retailleau said on X that “no government has the right to filter the media or dictate the truth.”

 ‘False information’

In a rare such response to criticism, the Elysee on its X account posted excerpts of various comments by Praud and other likeminded commentators with the title “attention false information”.

Addressing the weekly cabinet meeting, Macron denied that any such moves to limit freedom of expression were afoot, including the state itself awarding any health label to media.

“As the president of the republic noted at the start of the cabinet meeting, there is not going to be a state label, and even less a ‘ministry of truth,’ said government spokeswoman Maud Bregeon.

Macron pushes for new legislation to rapidly block digital disinformation

Macron has previously said it was not for the government to classify what is good information and what is bad information, and any labelling should be done by media professionals.

But Macron has also in recent weeks called for greater regulation of social media and their algorithms, where he said it is the “Wild West” rather than “free speech”.

Macron and his wife, Brigitte Macron, have long been targeted by false online claims that she was born a man.

The controversy comes in a febrile climate in France ahead of the 2027 presidential elections, in which Macron is not allowed to stand for a third term and the far-right senses its best-ever chance of taking the Elysee.

Podcast: Brigitte Macron, lauding open-air markets, France’s Brazilian colony

With far-right three-time presidential candidate Marine Le Pen potentially unable to stand due to a graft conviction, an Odoxa-Mascaret poll last month projected that Bardella would win the second round of elections irrespective of who stood against him.

(with newswires)

Daouda Koné, the ORTM director based in Douentza in central Mali, and his cameraman Salif Sangaré were taken on 14 October while travelling between Sévaré, a major road junction near Mopti, and Konna, a town further northeast on the Niger River flood plain.

The footage shows both men wearing boubous in front of a cloth backdrop that hides their surroundings. They look dejected but appear in good health.

Speaking under duress, the pair said they were being treated well and called on those watching to “do everything possible” to free them.

After viewing the clips, ORTM journalists told RFI they were “hard to watch” and “it hurts a lot”.

Mali’s transitional authorities – the military-led government that took power after coups in 2020 and 2021 – have offered no public reaction since the men were taken a month and a half ago.

Mali faces record number of kidnappings of foreigners by jihadist group

Wish for ‘discretion’

Management at ORTM and national journalist organisations have also remained silent.

There has been no official statement following the release of the video either. One source said there was a wish for “discretion” and “effectiveness”.

Local sources said community leaders from the Mopti region had opened discussions with JNIM, an al-Qaeda-linked militant group known for attacks, kidnappings and assaults on security forces across the Sahel.

Some sources said they were surprised by the publication of the footage and now fear the situation may be stuck. An ORTM journalist said: “We hope to find our colleagues safe and sound soon.”

Mali under pressure to end fuel crisis as negotiations with jihadists stall

Fuel embargo

In a separate move, Mali’s transitional authorities have decorated fuel operators and drivers taking part in fuel convoys, including some who were killed.

It comes during an embargo on fuel imports to the country declared in early September by JNIM, which is linked to al-Qaeda and has carried out repeated attacks on tankers on Malian roads.

Presidential decrees published in the Official Journal on 1 December granted honours to 16 oil company executives and union leaders, to 31 injured drivers and, posthumously, to 27 drivers killed on Malian roads, including three Ivorians and one Burkinabè.

The recognition reflects the support given by fuel operators and the sacrifices made by transport workers who continue trying to supply the country.

Military escorts have been strengthened and administrative procedures sped up in the past 10 days, easing pressure on the capital.

The French rugby team could hardly have wished for better. Drawn alongside Japan, the United States and Samoa, Les Bleus hit the jackpot on Wednesday as the pools for the 2027 Rugby World Cup in Australia were unveiled – setting them on what looks like a remarkably clear path to the semi-finals.

Fabien Galthié’s side are widely expected to top Pool E with ease, before the tournament’s real hurdles begin.

Only in the last four are Les Bleus likely to hit a genuine wall of resistance, in the form of the winner of a probable quarter-final clash between two southern-hemisphere giants: back-to-back world champions South Africa, and three-time winners New Zealand.

France, still chasing their first global crown despite six semi-final appearances and three final heartbreaks in 1987, 1999 and 2011, could also be in for a knock-out opener.

Scotland – tipped to finish runners-up to Ireland in Pool D – loom as potential round-of-16 opponents.

Victory there would likely send them into a quarter-final against the winner of what many expect to be a Wales–Fiji showdown.

With the 12th-, 16th- and 19th-ranked teams in the world joining France in Pool E, the draw was undeniably kind to Galthié’s men.

The ceremony itself was held at the Sydney headquarters of broadcaster Stan Sport and overseen by recently retired Wallabies prop James Slipper, capped 151 times, and former Australian Sevens standout Alicia Lucas.

This tounament will break new ground as the first World Cup to feature 24 teams instead of 20 – and the first to include a round of 16.

It also marks the tournament’s return to Australia for the first time since 2003, the only year in which a northern-hemisphere side lifted the trophy, courtesy of Jonny Wilkinson’s immortal drop goal for England.

France rugby boss Galthié hails South Africa and plays down World Cup loss

All Blacks or Springboks await

As one of the world’s top six sides, France sat safely in Band 1 and therefore avoided the heavyweights of South Africa, New Zealand, England, Ireland and Argentina in the pool phase.

With Japan drawn from Band 2, they landed arguably the softest contender available from that tier.

But the good fortune ends there. Assuming France negotiate Scotland in the first knock-out round, a towering semi-final awaits – a half of the draw stacked with the world’s No.1 and No.2 sides, the Springboks and the All Blacks.

A meeting with New Zealand would revive memories of the finals lost in 1987 and 2011, while a showdown with South Africa would let Les Bleus revisit the sting of their agonising 28–29 exit in the 2023 quarter-final in Paris.

Elsewhere, the draw served up several enticing pool combinations: the Springboks meet Italy in Pool B, while the All Blacks renew their trans-Tasman Sea rivalry with hosts Australia in Pool A.

From six groups – A through F – the top two sides plus the four best third-placed finishers will progress to the round of 16.

Upsets are not expected early on, though France–Scotland carries a frisson of possibility.

The quarter-finals, however, are shaping up well. This bracket teases potential clashes between South Africa and New Zealand, Argentina and Ireland, and even a nostalgic England–Australia encounter – a rematch of the 2003 final that still haunts Wallaby supporters.

France bids adieu to World Cup as rugby chiefs impose new world order

Tight schedule and a wait for details

The 2027 event will feature 52 matches, four more than the 2023 World Cup, but squeezed into just six weeks – one fewer than France’s home tournament last year.

Play begins on 1 October and wraps up on 13 November.

What we do know is that Australia will kick off proceedings at Kings Park in Perth, and Sydney will stage the final.

Everything else – the venues and dates for the remaining 50 matches – will be revealed on 3 February.

Only then will France learn where their pool fixtures will be held across the remaining host cities – Melbourne, Adelaide, Townsville, Newcastle and Brisbane, which is gearing up to host the 2032 Olympics.

After that, Galthié and his squad will have roughly 18 months to fine-tune their assault on the Webb Ellis Cup – a prize they have so often threatened to win, but never quite managed to grasp, falling short even at the quarter-final stage in both 2015 and 2023.

(with newswires)

According to presidential spokesman Bayo Onanuga, Minister of Defence Mohammed Badaru Abubakar, stepped down with immediate effect on Monday.

The 63-year-old minister reportedly cited health reasons for his departure – a move that comes in the wake of President Bola Tinubu’s declaration of a nationwide security emergency last week.

“His resignation comes amid President Tinubu’s declaration of a national security emergency, with plans to elaborate on its scope in due course,” Onanuga said in a statement.

The government has promised more detail soon on what this emergency will entail, but the message for now is that Abuja intends to move swiftly.

Nigeria – Africa’s most populous nation and no stranger to security challenges – has been left scrambling after a spate of abductions that have seen hundreds of people, mostly schoolchildren, seized within just a few days last month.

The crisis has also drawn sharp international attention. In October, US President Donald Trump designated Nigeria a “Country of Particular Concern” for religious freedom violations, citing what he described as killings of Christians by “radical Islamists”.

He even went so far as to threaten military intervention. Abuja and independent security analysts have firmly rejected Washington’s claim, but it has undoubtedly put the spotlight back on Nigeria’s long-running instability.

Nigeria declares security emergency after wave of mass kidnappings

Mass abductions

The most dramatic incident came on 21 November, when armed gangs stormed St Mary’s co-education school in north-central Nigeria, abducting more than 300 pupils, teachers and staff.

Fifty managed to escape, yet the remainder are still being held. On a high-profile visit to Kontagora in Niger state, national security adviser Nuhu Ribadu sought to reassure anxious families, saying: “The children are fine and will be back soon.”

Such kidnappings carry grim echoes of the 2014 Chibok schoolgirl abductions, when Boko Haram militants seized nearly 300 students from their dormitories – an episode that shocked the world and exposed the Nigerian government’s limited reach in remote regions.

Since then, mass abductions have become common, usually driven by criminal gangs seeking quick ransom payments.

Gunmen seize 315 pupils and teachers in latest Nigerian mass school kidnapping

Jihadist campaign

Alongside the kidnappings, Nigeria has been battling a jihadist insurgency across its northwestern regions since 2009, adding yet another layer to the country’s complex security landscape.

Recent raids have targeted schoolchildren and teachers, worshippers and priests, a bride and her bridesmaids, farmers, women and children – a grim roll call that spans multiple states and communities.

In response, Tinubu’s government has ordered a major recruitment drive for both police and military personnel, suggesting a push to bolster security forces stretched thin across vast territories.

(with newswires)

The court in the Paris suburb of Nanterre opened proceedings this week in an extensive fraud case centred on an alleged attempt to extract more than €19 billion from TotalEnergies.

Seven defendants – amongst them a former senior magistrate, two well-known Parisian lawyers and figures linked to the late businessman André “Dédé la sardine” Guelfi – are set to appear over the next three weeks as the court unravels the tangled origins of a controversial 2009 arbitration bid.

The case dates back more than a decade and a half, when in 2011, TotalEnergies filed a complaint with prosecutors in Nanterre, claiming it had been the target of an elaborate fraud attempt.

The company argued that an arbitration procedure launched two years earlier was baseless – a view supported by successive court rulings that confirmed an underlying 1992 oil exploration contract in Russia had never actually taken effect.

That agreement, struck between one of TotalEnergies’ subsidiaries – at the time part of French oil company Elf – and the Russian regions of Saratov and Volgograd, along with the company Interneft, was conditional on several preliminary requirements.

These conditions were never met, yet the Russian claimants pushed for arbitration, demanding more than €19 billion on the grounds that TotalEnergies had failed to honour the deal.

TotalEnergies posts biggest ever annual profit of almost €20bn

‘Dédé la sardine’

André Guelfi, a businessman with a colourful past and an equally colourful nickname – Dédé la sardine – sits at the centre of the affair.

In the early 1990s, he acted as a fixer for Elf in the former USSR before becoming embroiled in the huge Elf corruption scandal.

Convicted of embezzling funds from the oil group, he later re-emerged in various business dealings.

Investigators believe Guelfi played a key role in steering the disputed arbitration process.

However, with his death in 2016, he was never interviewed by magistrates and his precise influence remains unclear.

Nevertheless, prosecutors argue that his relationship networks in Russia and France were instrumental in pushing forward the arbitration bid – one TotalEnergies has consistently denounced as a blatant attempt at extortion.

TotalEnergies exits Russian gas firm’s board, takes $3.7bn hit

Legal heavyweights in court

Among those now facing trial is Jean-Pierre Mattei, former president of the Paris Commercial Court.

Selected in 2009 as a member of the arbitration panel, he stands accused of passive corruption and attempted fraud as part of an organised group.

He will be tried alongside the two other arbitrators chosen for the tribunal.

Two prominent Parisian lawyers – Olivier Pardo and Xavier Cazottes – are also in the dock. Pardo is charged with active corruption of an international arbitrator and of a person tasked with a public service mission.

Prosecutors suspect he sought to influence Mattei’s appointment and maintained close ties with Guelfi throughout the arbitration push. Cazottes faces similar allegations.

A solicitor close to Mattei, two additional members of the arbitration tribunal and the ad hoc administrator of the now-liquidated Elf subsidiary involved in the original contract round out the list of defendants.

Over the course of the hearings, the court will attempt to uncover the precise roles each defendant played in the arbitration initiative – and whether the process was driven by genuine legal misjudgment or outright fraud.

The court proceedings are expected to last at least three weeks. 

(with newswires)

The sentence includes a two-year travel ban and prohibition of Panahi from membership in any political or social groups, lawyer Mostafa Nili told French news agency AFP on Monday, adding that they would file an appeal.

Nili said the charges against Panahi were engaging in “propaganda activities” against the state but did not elaborate. “Mr. Panahi is outside Iran right now,” he added.

Panahi, 65, won the Cannes Film Festival‘s top prize this year for It Was Just an Accident, a film partially inspired by Panahi’s own time behind bars.

His camera follows the heated debates of five ordinary Iranians, who shared the same prison interrogator, over what fate they want for their former jailer, who has been kidnapped by a garage owner.

Should they kill him to avenge the humiliations they suffered, or refuse to stoop to their torturer’s level?

A significant portion of the plot unfolds in a van, which also served as a hideout for the film crew. Outdoor scenes were filmed in deserted areas and quiet neighborhoods.

Iranian filmmakers, prominent media figures and celebrities are closely monitored in Iran and their work reviewed for content deemed critical of the Islamic republic.

Palme d’Or winner hits global cinemas, France backs it for 2026 Oscars

Twice in jail

Panahi is no stranger to the Iranian justice system, despite winning prizes in a host of international festivals.

In 2010, he was banned from making movies and from leaving the country after supporting mass anti-government protests a year earlier and making a series of films that critiqued the state of modern Iran.

Convicted of “propaganda against the system”, he was sentenced to six years in jail but served only two months behind bars before being released on bail.

A year after being handed a 20-year ban on filmmaking he dispatched a documentary with the title This is Not a Film to the Cannes Festival on a flash drive stashed in a cake.

His 2015 movie Taxi featured him acting as a taxi driver and was shot entirely in a car.

Cannes 2025 ends on a high as director Jafar Panahi claims the Palme d’Or

In 2022, he was arrested in connection with protests by a group of filmmakers but was released nearly seven months later.

Since his win in Cannes, where he was able to receive the prize in person, he set off on a tour of the United States visiting Los Angeles, New York and Telluride to promote his latest Oscar-hopeful movie.

The film has been selected by France as its official nomination for the Academy Awards, and is widely expected to make the shortlist for the Best International Feature at the gala event in March.

The fact that post-production for It Was Just an Accident was done by a French company allowed France to effectively claim Panahi’s film as its own in the Oscar race, under rules set by the Academy.

Resonate with audiences

But Panahi, 65, says he would like to see those rules changed to allow dissidents like him who are censored by Tehran to represent their homeland.

“I really wanted it to be for my own country, but when an oppressed society exists, well, some difficulties do arise,” he told AFP during an interview in Los Angeles.

Film director Mohammad Rasoulof leaves Iran for Europe ahead of Cannes premiere

The system has faced increasing criticism and public protests in recent years, particularly in the face of rising authoritarianism.

“This decreases and undermines the independence of filmmakers,” said Panahi.

The complaint is not new. While film festivals in Cannes, Venice, and Berlin make their own choices for films from around the world, the Oscars require each country’s authorities to nominate a candidate for the Best International Feature Film award.

“Iranian cinema is humanist cinema, and it has always been able to resonate with audiences around the world,” he said, recalling the Oscars awarded to Asghar Farhadi’s A Separation and The Salesman.

(with AFP)

“The 2026 edition is cancelled. A letter was sent at the end of last week to inform the festival’s public partners,” said lawyer Vincent Brenot, representing the organising company 9e Art+.

He added that the decision, first reported by regional newspaper La Charente Libre, was “the straightforward consequence” of the stance taken by public funders.

On 18 November, the French government withdrew €200,000 of public subsidies for next year’s event, putting a major hole its finances.

It marks the first time since the festival’s creation in 1974 – apart from the Covid-19 hiatus – that the event will not take place. The 53rd edition had been scheduled for 29 January to 1 February 2026.

At the heart of the scandal is the management model of the festival, which has helped turn Angoulême into a centre of European production and comics expertise.

It is run by a non-profit association presided over by Delphine Groux, the daughter of co-founder Francis Groux, but has been organised by a private company, 9eArt+, since 2007.

The 9eArt+ director, Franck Bondoux, was the subject of an investigation by left-wing magazine l’Humanité before this year’s event which accused him of mismanagement and an increasingly contested style.

It also reported that the company had dismissed an employee shortly after she reported being raped at the 2024 event.

Lack of transparency

For weeks, doubts have mounted over the festival’s future as a major portion of the French comics community turned against the organisers.

Many writers and artists denounced what they described as the growing commercialisation and lack of transparency at the event.

Among the authors who planned boycotters was Anouk Ricard, winner of the 2025 Grand Prix d’Angoulême and “Maus” creator Art Spiegelman.

“It is high time to turn the page on 9eArt+ so that the festival can regain, with new operators, the values that helped build its international reputation,” read an open letter on 10 November signed by 22 former winners of the festival’s top prize.

Superman and Spanish artists lead the charge at Angoulême Comics Festival

Several leading publishers have also withdrawn support, calling this year’s edition “compromised” and saying their trust in the organisers had been “broken”.

On 20 November, the festival’s main public funders – who normally provide around half of its €6 million budget – recommended that the 2026 edition be scrapped, saying it would be “extremely difficult” to stage the event under the current circumstances.

“The 2026 Festival cannot physically go ahead under satisfactory conditions,” lawyers for 9e Art+ said in a statement sent to AFP. “This situation is in no way a voluntary decision by 9e Art+, whose sole purpose is to run the Angoulême Festival, but rather a unilateral decision made without consultation by public funders.”

The company expressed concern over the “human and economic consequences” of the cancellation and warned of “significant uncertainty” surrounding the 2027 edition, which it remains legally entitled to organise. 

(With newswires)

The National Union of Journalists (SNJ) and the International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) confirmed on Tuesday that they had lodged a complaint for “obstruction of the freedom to practise journalism” at a Paris court.

They argue that Israel’s restrictions on media access, along with reported intimidation and violence against French journalists working in the region, amount not only to a breach of press freedom but potentially to war crimes.

Because the allegations concern French citizens, the national anti-terrorism prosecutor’s office (PNAT) is authorised to open an investigation.

In a 100-page submission – made public by FranceInfo – the unions say the case is the first to lean on France’s specific offence of obstructing journalistic freedom, and the first to urge prosecutors to consider its application in an international setting where, they argue, attacks on the media have become “structural”.

France’s top diplomat calls for foreign press access to Gaza

‘Violation of humanitarian law’

“This complaint denounces a concerted, sometimes violent, obstruction preventing French journalists from working in the Palestinian Territories and undermining press freedom,” said lawyer Louise El Yafi, one of the legal representatives behind the filing.

Her colleague, solicitor Inès Davau, said the complaint also draws attention to rising risks faced by French reporters in the West Bank. “These attacks, which violate international humanitarian law, also constitute war crimes,” she added.

The unions’ action is further supported by a French journalist – working across several French-language outlets and requesting anonymity – who has filed his own complaint after allegedly being assaulted by settlers while reporting in the occupied territories.

RSF says journalists ‘targeted’ in Israeli strike on Gaza hospital

Multiple cases linked to Gaza

This comes as Reporters Without Borders (RSF) says more than 210 media workers have been killed since Israel launched its military operation in Gaza following the Hamas attacks of 7 October 2023.

Press groups have repeatedly criticised Israel’s longstanding refusal to allow foreign journalists to enter Gaza independently, with only a small number permitted to join Israeli troops under tight supervision.

The Paris complaint arrives amid a swathe of other France-based legal actions linked to the conflict.

These include cases concerning Franco-Israeli soldiers serving in an elite IDF unit, the French arms manufacturer Eurolinks, and several Franco-Israelis accused of complicity in the crime of colonisation.

Separately, PNAT has already asked an investigating judge to examine potential war crimes in the deaths of two French children killed during Israeli airstrikes in Gaza in October 2023.

(with newswires)

France is once again mired in political turmoil after the National Assembly last week overwhelmingly rejected the revenue side of the 2026 budget.

Prime Minister Sébastien Lecornu is trying a new method: rather than attempting to push a full budget through a fractured parliament, he aims to break spending into “absolute priorities” – security, energy, agriculture and state reform – and put each item to MPs separately.

The move is intended to avoid another budget showdown, after two years of governmental instability that have steadily chipped away at President Emmanuel Macron’s authority.

Critics, however, argue that the plan is merely a repackaged version of political improvisation – a delay tactic that risks further weakening France’s credibility at home and on the world stage.

Jean-François Husson, the Senate’s general rapporteur for the budget, delivered one of the sharpest criticisms of Lecornu’s move, describing it as a chaotic and ill-timed intervention.

“If you want to give the French a dizzying ride, you could hardly do it better than this,” he remarked, arguing that the government’s approach was generating more confusion than clarity.

For author and political strategist Gerald Olivier, there is a deeper problem.

“France is sick, and France has been sick for a while,” he says. “We’re basically looking at a country with no government, no parliamentary majority and a total impossibility for any prime minister to put forward a credible programme.”

French lawmakers roundly reject income part of budget bill, send it to Senate

France technically needs to pass its budget by 31 December, but Olivier is quick to point out that this deadline has been missed before. “Last year, the budget wasn’t passed until February,” he notes.

If the same thing happens this time, the government can fall back on a temporary financial law that keeps spending aligned with the previous year’s budget for up to 70 days. A more drastic option – to rule by decree – exists as a constitutional backstop.

“This crisis exists because there is no majority in parliament,” Olivier says. “And it’s also because no party has had the courage to face the kind of medicine that France needs. That’s the larger issue.”

International credibility

As a major European power, France’s domestic politics do not stay domestic for long. International investors and European Union partners are watching closely, especially after recent warnings from credit-rating agencies about France’s deficit trajectory.

According to Olivier, the damage is already evident. “France is already in a recession, and there are investments simply passing the country by,” he argues. “No one knows what its tax status will be in the coming years.”

That uncertainty could have a ripple effect across the continent. France, he warns, risks becoming “economically weak and therefore politically weak within Europe”, potentially deepening divisions between EU member states.

France’s economy minister warns latest credit downgrade a ‘wake-up call’

“The one reassuring piece of news is that France is not the only one in this situation. Germany is in dire shape, Italy is shaky, Sweden is having problems. It seems today that everyone in Europe is the sick man of Europe,” he added.

Periods of political instability often attract external opportunists – whether governments, speculators or hostile influence campaigns. But Olivier remains cautious when asked whether foreign actors are already exploiting France’s woes.

“I don’t necessarily see it,” he says, “but if you want to consider fictional scenarios, you could find many.”

France’s EU membership, he argues, offers a buffer. “Having the EU behind you is reassuring. The idea of ‘Frexit’ would be disastrous. The euro provides protection.”

Still, the consequences of weakened governance can extend beyond the economy. A fragile budget could force France to scale back overseas military deployments – a shift that could alter power dynamics in parts of Africa and the Middle East. “This kind of instability is not healthy for anyone,” Olivier says.

A president without momentum

Macron’s political capital has been in decline since the 2022 legislative elections, when he lost his absolute majority. The surprise dissolution of the Assembly after the 2024 European elections only worsened matters, splitting the parliament into three mutually hostile blocs.

“It’s done tremendous damage to Macron,” Olivier says. “He was re-elected in 2022 because people didn’t want Marine Le Pen. He didn’t have the support he had in 2017, and disappointment set in.”

He argues that Macron himself triggered the crisis. “He dissolved the Assembly for no reason. The European elections had no influence on French politics, but he reacted as if they did – and he made things worse.”

Could the president break the deadlock? In theory, yes. “Macron could solve it instantly by resigning,” Olivier notes. “That would trigger a new presidential election, followed by fresh parliamentary elections. That’s how institutions are supposed to function.” But he sees no sign that Macron intends to take that step.

For now, he predicts “another 18 months of instability” with the possibility of yet another government reshuffle. “We’ve had four governments in 12 months. We could have a fifth one next year. There is no telling.”

France’s Le Pen asks Bardella to prepare for 2027 presidential bid

Eyes on 2027

With Macron unable to stand again, attention is already turning to the 2027 presidential race.

The National Rally – headed by Marine Le Pen and her rising protégé Jordan Bardella – enters the campaign in a strong position. Republican Bruno Retailleau could emerge from the right, France Unbowed’s Jean-Luc Mélenchon or Socialist Olivier Faure from the left. Names from the centre such as MEP Raphaël Glucksmann and the former prime minister from Macron’s Renaissance party, Manuel Valls, have been floated too.

Olivier’s concern is not who the candidates are but how honest they will be about the situation.

“No one is willing to say the country needs to make sacrifices,” he warns. “France is in debt up to 115 percent of GDP. Public spending is too high. But nobody wants to tell voters that the social state cannot remain as generous as it is.”

He singles out one controversial, far-right figure: “The only person honest about the economic reality is Éric Zemmour – and there is zero chance he will be the next president.”

Hello everyone! Welcome to The Sound Kitchen weekly podcast, published every Saturday here on our website, or wherever you get your podcasts. You’ll hear the winner’s names announced and the week’s quiz question, along with all the other ingredients you’ve grown accustomed to: your letters and essays, “On This Day”, quirky facts and news, interviews, and great music … so be sure and listen every week.

2026 is right around the corner, and I know you want to be a part of our annual New Year celebration, where, with special guests, we read your New Year’s resolutions. You must get your resolutions to me by 15 December to be included in the show. You don’t want to miss out! Send your New Year’s resolutions to thesoundkitchen@rfi.fr

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Go to our website and get started! At the top of the page, click on “Test level”, and you’ll be counselled on the best-suited activities for your level according to your score.

Do not give up! As Lidwien van Dixhoorn, the head of “Le Français facile” service, told me: “Bathe your ears in the sound of the language, and eventually, you’ll get it”. She should know – Lidwien is Dutch and came to France hardly able to say “bonjour” and now she heads this key RFI department – so stick with it!

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Remember, podcasts are radio, too! As you see, sound is still quite present in the RFI English service.  Please keep checking our website for updates on the latest from our excellent staff of journalists. You never know what we’ll surprise you with!

To listen to our podcasts from your PC, go to our website; you’ll see “Podcasts” at the top of the page. You can either listen directly or subscribe and receive them directly on your mobile phone.

To listen to our podcasts from your mobile phone, slide through the tabs just under the lead article (the first tab is “Headline News”) until you see “Podcasts”, and choose your show.  

Teachers take note!  I save postcards and stamps from all over the world to send to you for your students. If you would like stamps and postcards for your students, just write and let me know. The address is english.service@rfi.fr  If you would like to donate stamps and postcards, feel free! Our address is listed below. 

Independent RFI English Clubs: Be sure to always include Audrey Iattoni (audrey.iattoni@rfi.fr) from our Listener Relations department in all your RFI Club correspondence. Remember to copy me (thesoundkitchen@rfi.fr) when you write to her so that I know what is going on, too. N.B.: You do not need to send her your quiz answers! Email overload!

This week’s quiz: On 25 October, just days after the famous theft of the French crown jewels from the Louvre, I asked you a question about another famous theft from the Louvre. You were to re-read our article “Paris police hunt Louvre thieves after priceless jewels vanish in daring heist”, and send in the answers to these three questions: Which artwork was stolen from the Louvre in 1911, and by whom? How did he do it?

The answers are, to quote our article: “In 1911, the Mona Lisa famously vanished from its frame, spirited away by Vincenzo Peruggia, a former museum employee who hid overnight in a broom cupboard and simply walked out with the painting under his coat.”

Interesting fun fact, also in our article: The Mona Lisa at that time was not a famous painting at all. Because the theft made global headlines, when it was recovered two years later in Florence, it had become the most famous painting in the world.

In addition to the quiz question, there was the bonus question: What “Instant Karma” incident have you been involved in?  

Do you have a bonus question idea? Send it to us!

The winners are: RFI Listeners Club member Jayanta Chakrabarty from New Delhi, India. Jayanta is also this week’s bonus question winner. Congratulations on your double win, Jayanta.

Also on the list of lucky winners this week are Naved Rayan, the president of the RFI Fan Club in Murshidibad, India. There are RFI Listeners Club members Sahadot Hossain from Kishoreganj, Bangladesh and Karobi Hazarika from Assam, India, and last but not least, RFI English listener Khizar Hayat Shah, the president of the Sadat Listeners Club in Punjab, Pakistan.

Congratulations winners!

Here’s the music you heard on this week’s programme: The “Hunting Song” from Felix Mendelssohn’s Songs Without Words Op.19 No.3, performed by Daniel Barenboim; the theme from To Catch a Thief by Armando Trovajoli; “The Flight of the Bumblebee” by Nicolai Rimsky-Korsakov; “The Cakewalk” from Children’s Corner by Claude Debussy, performed by the composer, and “The Harder They Come” by Jimmy Cliff, performed by Jimmy Cliff and his ensemble.  

Do you have a music request? Send it to thesoundkitchen@rfi.fr

This week’s question … you must listen to the show to participate. After you’ve listened to the show, re-read our article “France says goodbye to star pandas going back to China”, which will help you with the answer.

You have until 12 January to enter this week’s quiz; the winners will be announced on the 17 January podcast. When you enter, be sure to send your postal address with your answer, and if you have one, your RFI Listeners Club membership number.

Send your answers to:

english.service@rfi.fr

or

Susan Owensby

RFI – The Sound Kitchen

80, rue Camille Desmoulins

92130 Issy-les-Moulineaux

France

Click here to find out how you can win a special Sound Kitchen prize.

Click here to find out how you can become a member of the RFI Listeners Club, or form your own official RFI Club. 

Erdogan told reporters alongside Zelensky that Turkey was ready to resume the “Istanbul Process”, the term Ankara uses for earlier talks between Ukraine and Russia.

Since Russia invaded Ukraine, Erdogan has strengthened ties with Vladimir Putin and has said those relations help efforts to end the fighting.

But Sinan Ciddi, of the US think tank the Foundation for Defence of Democracies, said Washington’s latest actions suggest Ankara’s influence is fading.

Ankara’s mediation, he said, had not produced results for either the Trump administration or its Western allies and has done little to move the conflict closer to a ceasefire or peace deal. “Washington is going its own way,” said Ciddi.

US special envoy Steve Witkoff, who is leading Washington’s peace efforts, did not attend the meeting in Ankara despite earlier reports he would.

Some analysts say Ankara overplayed its hand by suggesting it could use its ties with Putin to deliver a summit that never happened.

Israel talks defence with Greece and Cyprus, as Turkey issues Netanyahu warrant

Changing diplomatic landscape

Russia-Turkey expert Zaur Gasimov, of the German Academic Exchange Service, said Ankara’s role has been weakened, with other countries such as Hungary now seen as possible venues for talks.

Donald Trump’s decision to deal directly with Moscow, he added, reduces the need for Turkey as a go-between.

“Russia at the moment is not interested in any kind of peace negotiations with Kiev. But Putin and Moscow are interested in direct negotiations with the United States on this issue and possibly other issues,” Gasimov said, adding that Russia still values its ties with Ankara.

“For Russia, contacts with Turkey are of paramount importance, being isolated by anti-Russian sanctions.”

Turkey ready to help rebuild Gaza, but tensions with Israel could be a barrier

Energy pressure on Ankara

Erdogan has refused to enforce most Western sanctions on Russia, saying his relationship with Moscow is needed to build peace.

But during Erdogan’s September visit to Washington, Trump told him to end imports of Russian energy, which make up around half of Turkey’s needs.

Erdogan appears to be responding, as Russian oil imports have fallen in recent weeks.

Ankara is also trying to strengthen its security ties with the European Union. Direct summits between Putin and Erdogan were once common but are now rare, with their meetings limited to the sidelines of international events.

“There is clearly a move, more effort to restore and bolster relationships with the Western world,” former Turkish ambassador Timur Soylemez told RFI.

Trump tests Turkey’s energy dependence on Russia with lure of US power

Balancing relations with Russia

Soylemez said Ankara will still try to avoid harming its relations with Moscow.

“The view from Ankara is that it’s never a zero-sum game. Actually, the trick is to prevent it from being a zero-sum game. I think that would be an ongoing effort right now,” Soylemez said.

Turkey’s ability to balance both sides, he added, remains important for a long-term peace.

“Turkish diplomacy and Turkey in general have shown there is a role for us to play,” Soylemez said.

“For example, the Black Sea, when it comes to prison exchange, when it comes to de-escalation on different topics. Basically, because we have a channel to both sides and we’re trusted by both sides.”

Turkey is working with its Black Sea NATO partners on mine clearance. Analysts say this could later help secure safe passage for Ukrainian ships under a peace deal.

But the targeting on Monday of a Turkish-flagged ship carrying a gas cargo at the port of Izmail in Ukraine by suspected Russian drones shows the risks Turkey faces as it tries to strengthen relations with Western allies without provoking Moscow.

Hello everyone! Welcome to The Sound Kitchen weekly podcast, published every Saturday here on our website, or wherever you get your podcasts. You’ll hear the winner’s names announced and the week’s quiz question, along with all the other ingredients you’ve grown accustomed to: your letters and essays, “On This Day”, quirky facts and news, interviews, and great music … so be sure and listen every week.

2026 is right around the corner, and I know you want to be a part of our annual New Year celebration, where, with special guests, we read your New Year’s resolutions. So start thinking now and get your resolutions to me by 15 December. You don’t want to miss out! Send your New Year’s resolutions to thesoundkitchen@rfi.fr

Erwan and I are busy cooking up special shows with your music requests, so get them in! Send your music requests to thesoundkitchen@rfi.fr  Tell us why you like the piece of music, too – it makes it more interesting for us all!

Facebook: Be sure to send your photos for the RFI English Listeners Forum banner to thesoundkitchen@rfi.fr

More tech news: Did you know we have a YouTube channel? Just go to YouTube and write RFI English in the search bar, and there we are! Be sure to subscribe to see all our videos.

Would you like to learn French? RFI is here to help you!

Our website “Le Français facile avec rfi” has news broadcasts in slow, simple French, as well as bilingual radio dramas (with real actors!) and exercises to practice what you have heard.

Go to our website and get started! At the top of the page, click on “Test level”, and you’ll be counseled on the best-suited activities for your level according to your score.

Do not give up! As Lidwien van Dixhoorn, the head of “Le Français facile” service, told me: “Bathe your ears in the sound of the language, and eventually, you’ll get it”. She should know – Lidwien is Dutch and came to France hardly able to say “bonjour” and now she heads this key RFI department – so stick with it!

Be sure you check out our wonderful podcasts!

In addition to the breaking news articles on our site, with in-depth analysis of current affairs in France and across the globe, we have several podcasts that will leave you hungry for more.

There’s Spotlight on France, Spotlight on Africa, the International Report, and of course, The Sound Kitchen. We also have an award-winning bilingual series – an old-time radio show, with actors (!) to help you learn French, called Les voisins du 12 bis.

Remember, podcasts are radio, too! As you see, sound is still quite present in the RFI English service.  Please keep checking our website for updates on the latest from our excellent staff of journalists. You never know what we’ll surprise you with!

To listen to our podcasts from your PC, go to our website; you’ll see “Podcasts” at the top of the page. You can either listen directly or subscribe and receive them directly on your mobile phone.

To listen to our podcasts from your mobile phone, slide through the tabs just under the lead article (the first tab is “Headline News”) until you see “Podcasts”, and choose your show.  

Teachers take note!  I save postcards and stamps from all over the world to send to you for your students. If you would like stamps and postcards for your students, just write and let me know. The address is english.service@rfi.fr  If you would like to donate stamps and postcards, feel free! Our address is listed below. 

Independent RFI English Clubs: Be sure to always include Audrey Iattoni (audrey.iattoni@rfi.fr) from our Listener Relations department in all your RFI Club correspondence. Remember to copy me (thesoundkitchen@rfi.fr) when you write to her so that I know what is going on, too. N.B.: You do not need to send her your quiz answers! Email overload!

This week’s quiz: On 18 October, I asked you a question about Morocco, where the young people are demanding reforms on education and health care, as well as tackling corruption and a cost-of-living crisis.

You were to re-read our article “Morocco Gen Z protesters call for ‘peaceful sit-ins’ to demand reforms”, and send in the answers to these two questions: What happened in the city of Agadir that lit the flame of the protests in September? And what is the combined cost the kingdom spent on renovating or building the stadiums for the Africa Cup of Nations and the FIFA World Cup?

The answers are, to quote our article: “The protests erupted in late September, after the deaths of eight pregnant women during Caesarean sections at a hospital in Agadir, in southern Morocco, sparked anger over conditions at public health facilities.” 

And for the second question: “Economist Najib Akesbi says there is a fundamental problem in how resources are allocated. ‘The needs of the majority of the population are clearly not being prioritised,’ he told RFI. ‘Instead, ostentatious, prestige-driven spending is favoured. That’s the great imbalance.’ The country’s large-scale sports infrastructure – the stadiums built or renovated for the Africa Cup of Nations and the FIFA World Cup, with a combined budget of nearly €2 billion – are the most striking examples, Akesbi argued.

‘The big problem in Morocco is that we invest massively, but often in projects that are not profitable, that generate neither sufficient growth nor enough jobs,’ he says.”

In addition to the quiz question, there was the bonus question: What is your favorite memory of your grandparents?  

Do you have a bonus question idea? Send it to us!

The winners are: RFI Listeners Club member Helmut Matt from Herbolzheim in Germany. Helmut is also the winner of this week’s bonus question. Congratulations on your double win, Helmut.

Also on the list of lucky winners this week are Reepa Bain, a member of the RFI Pariwer Bandhu SWL Club in Chhattisgarh, India, and Rubi Saikia, a member of the United RFI Listeners Club in Assam, also in India.

Last but not least, there are RFI English listeners Zeeshan, a member of the International Radio Fan and Youth Club in Khanewal, Pakistan, and Zhum Zhum Sultana Eva, from Naogaon, Bangladesh.

Congratulations winners!

Here’s the music you heard on this week’s program: Polonaise op 2, no 2 by Dionisio Aguado, performed by Julian Bream; “Raqsa cha’abya”  by Abderrahman el Hadri, performed by el Hadri and his ensemble; “The Flight of the Bumblebee” by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov; “The Cakewalk” from Children’s Corner by Claude Debussy, performed by the composer, and “Tune for T” by Laurent de Wilde, performed by de Wilde and the New Monk Trio.

Do you have a music request? Send it to thesoundkitchen@rfi.fr

This week’s question … you must listen to the show to participate. After you’ve listened to the show, re-read our article “Louvre Museum in Paris shuts gallery over structural safety fears”, which will help you with the answer.

You have until 15 December to enter this week’s quiz; the winners will be announced on the 20 December podcast. When you enter, be sure to send your postal address with your answer, and if you have one, your RFI Listeners Club membership number.

Send your answers to:

english.service@rfi.fr

or

Susan Owensby

RFI – The Sound Kitchen

80, rue Camille Desmoulins

92130 Issy-les-Moulineaux

France

Click here to find out how you can win a special Sound Kitchen prize.

Click here to find out how you can become a member of the RFI Listeners Club, or form your own official RFI Club. 

Immediately following the Paris attacks on 13 November, 2015, the French government put in place a nationwide state of emergency, granting police exceptional powers to detain and search people suspected of links to terrorism. Some of those sweeping powers have since passed into law, at the expense of civil liberties. Law professor Sophie Duroy says that while the public may have got used to authorities having greater reach, it is not always the best way to fight terrorism. (Listen @0′)

Last December, 51 men were found guilty of raping or sexually assaulting Gisèle Pelicot in her home in Mazan in what was France’s biggest rape trial to date. It made headlines worldwide – not least because Pélicot chose to drop her anonymity to make “shame swap sides” from victim to rapist. Independent photojournalist Anna Margueritat was one of many to cover the trial, but in her own way: as a feminist, an activist and victim of sexual violence, posting daily photos and stories on her Instagram account. Author of a recent book on her experience, she reflects on her time in court and what it changed. (Listen @16’45”)

A judge this week suspended the auction of a nearly 400-year-old calculator, after a group of academics called for the government to stop it leaving France. The object in question is a Pascaline, one of the first calculating machines, invented by French scientist Blaise Pascal in the 1640s. (Listen @10’40”)

Episode mixed by Nicolas Doreau.

Spotlight on France is a podcast from Radio France International. Find us on rfienglish.com, Apple podcasts (link here), Spotify (link here) or your favourite podcast app (pod.link/1573769878).

Madhya Pradesh is often referred to as the Heart of India. Located right in the middle of the country, the Indian region shows everything India has to offer through its abundant diversity. The IFTM trade show, which took place in Paris at the end of September, presented the perfect opportunity for travel enthusiasts to discover the region.

Sheo Shekhar Shukla, Managing Director of Madhya Pradesh’s tourism board, sat down to explain his approach to sustainable tourism.

“Post-covid the whole world has known a shift in their approach when it comes to tourism. And all those discerning travelers want to have different kinds of experiences: something offbeat, something new, something which has not been explored before.”

Through its UNESCO World Heritage Sites, Shukla wants to showcase the deep history Madhya Pradesh has to offer.

“UNESCO is very actively supporting us and three of our sites are already World Heritage Sites. Sanchi is a very famous buddhist spiritual destination, Bhimbetka is a place where prehistoric rock shelters are still preserved, and Khajuraho is home to thousand year old temples with magnificent architecture.”

All in all, Shukla believes that there’s only one way forward for the industry: “Travelers must take sustainable tourism as a paradigm in order to take tourism to the next level.”

In partnership with Madhya Pradesh’s tourism board.

Also known as the Land of the Beautiful Islands, Malaysia’s landscape and cultural diversity is almost unmatched on the planet. Those qualities were all put on display at the Malaysian stand during the IFTM trade show.

Libra Hanif, director of Tourism Malaysia, explained the appeal of the country as well as the importance of promoting sustainable tourism today: “Sustainable travel is a major trend now, with the changes that are happening post-covid. People want to get close to nature, to get close to people. So Malaysia being a multicultural and diverse [country] with a lot of natural environments, we felt that it’s a good thing for us to promote Malaysia.”

Malaysia has also gained fame in recent years, through its numerous UNESCO World Heritage Sites, which include Kinabalu Park and the Archaeological Heritage of the Lenggong Valley.

Green mobility has also become an integral part of tourism in Malaysia, with an increasing number of people using bikes to discover the country: “If you are a little more adventurous, we have the mountain back trails where you can cut across gazetted trails to see the natural attractions and the wildlife that we have in Malaysia,” says Hanif. “If you are not that adventurous, you’ll be looking for relaxing cycling. We also have countryside spots, where you can see all the scenery in a relaxing session.”

With more than 25,000 visitors at this IFTM trade show this year, Malaysia’s tourism board got to showcase the best the country and its people have to offer.

In partnership with Malaysia Tourism Promotion Board. For more information about Malaysia, click here.