Adult content creator Bonnie Blue barred from Indonesia for 10 years
Adult content creator Bonnie Blue has been barred from travelling to Indonesia for the next 10 years after she was detained on suspicion of violating the country’s strict pornography laws and deported.
The controversial porn actor, whose real name is Tia Billinger, was arrested in Bali earlier this month along with at least 17 male tourists from Australia and the UK, most of whom were released after questioning. She was deported from the Southeast Asian nation last week.
The Indonesian authorities said they did not press charges for production of pornographic content after police checked her phone and found “private video” footage.
The material was for “private documentation and not for public distribution”, director general of immigration Yuldi Yusman said in a statement.
Ms Billinger, though, was found to have violated visa rules as she had “entered Indonesia using a visa on arrival for commercial content production that could potentially cause public unrest”, Mr Yusman said.
“Therefore we imposed a 10-year entry ban because these activities aren’t in line with the government’s efforts to maintain Bali’s quality tourism image and respect for local cultural values,” he said.
Ms Billinger was arrested after police raided a rental studio in Bali and seized camera equipment, contraceptives and viagra pills.
Indonesia is a Muslim-majority country with strict morality laws, and the offences she was initially held for could have brought up to 15 years in jail and a fine of £270,000.
In the end Ms Billinger and an associate named Liam Andrew were fined about £9 for violating traffic laws while driving around in the island in a vehicle they promoted as a so-called “Bang Bus”.
She appeared in the Denpasar District Court on Friday before she was deported. She was seen laughing and interacting with people while sucking on a lollipop as cameras filmed her.
“The defendants have lawfully committed the offence jointly and continuously,” the judge ruled.
Footage of Ms Billinger driving around the Indonesian resort island in her bus was shown in the court.
It was told that she drove her blue truck without valid registration documents before using it to promote her explicit videos.
“While in Bali, Bonnie Blue should have been travelling, but instead she was creating content,” police said.
“They will be blacklisted from entering Indonesia for at least 10 years, which could be extended.”
Ms Billinger reportedly told the court she wasn’t driving the vehicle, but riding as a passenger.
“We will immediately take firm action, deport them and submit them for blacklisting,” Winarko, an immigration chief at Bali airport who did not give his full name, told AFP on Thursday.
In her first comments after the controversy, Ms Billinger said her “Bang Bus” tour was “over”.
Asked if she intended on making more explicit content in Bali, she said: “Subscribe and you’ll find out.”
Ms Billinger is known for her controversial stunts. She was banned from the adult content site OnlyFans earlier this year after making headlines for purportedly having sex with 1,057 men in just 12 hours.
Trump doubles down on claim that US must take over Greenland
President Donald Trump further pressed his case on Monday for why the U.S. wants to take control of Greenland, describing the island as vital for American security and making a bizarre claim that the U.S. was exploring Greenland 300 years ago.
“We need it for national protection,” the president said during a press conference in Florida, a day after he appointed a new U.S. envoy to the semi-autonomous Danish territory, infuriating local officials.
Trump went on to say that the U.S. wasn’t seeking to extract Greenland’s mineral wealth, but rather that he wants to use the island to help counter the influence of Russia and China, nations he accused of having ships in the region.
“They say that Denmark was there 300 years ago or something with a boat,” Trump added. “Well, we were there with boats too, I’m sure. So we’ll have to work it all out.”
(The Inuit have lived in Greenland for thousands of years, and Europeans made contact with the island in the late 10th century. The U.S. would not play a major role in exploring the area around Greenland until the late 19th century.)
He also falsely claimed Denmark wasn’t supporting the island, even though in September it pledged a multi-year, $253 million investment package for Greenland.
Over the weekend, Trump announced that Louisiana Governor Jeff Landry will serve as a special envoy to the island territory, which the president has frequently expressed interest in taking control of throughout his time in office.
The announcement, which followed months of quiet after a flurry of pressure early in Trump’s term, prompted an angry response from officials in Greenland and Denmark.
“We have said it before. Now, we say it again: national borders and the sovereignty of states are rooted in international law,” Danish Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen and her Greenlandic counterpart, Jens-Frederik Nielsen, said in a joint statement. “They are fundamental principles. You cannot annex another country. Not even with an argument about international security.”
Denmark has also summoned the U.S. ambassador to Copenhagen.
As recently as October, the Trump administration’s interest in Greenland seemed to be dying down.
“Right now it seems far away. There is perhaps a feeling that we can breathe a sigh of relief,” Prime Minister Frederiksen said during a session of the Danish parliament at the time. “It is my belief that we cannot.”
Early in his term, Trump was putting a full-court press on Greenland.
In March, Vice President JD Vance visited a U.S. base there, the same month the president said he wouldn’t rule out using force to take the island.
Tensions escalated further in May, when news reports claimed the U.S. was intensifying spying efforts in Greenland, prompting Denmark to say it would summon the U.S. ambassador for clarification.
Trump complains Epstein files could ‘ruin’ reputations
President Donald Trump said Monday evening that pictures of innocent people in the government’s recently released files on Jeffrey Epstein could “ruin” their reputations as the Department of Justice was slammed over its limited release of documents.
“You probably have pictures being exposed of other people that innocently met Jeffrey Epstein years ago,” Trump said. “A lot of people are very angry that pictures are being released of other people that really had nothing to do with Epstein, but they’re in a picture with him because he was at a party, and you ruin the reputation of somebody.”
Democratic Rep. Ro Khanna and Republican Rep. Thomas Massie, who both sponsored legislation to release the files, have engaged in a pressure campaign against the DOJ for not yet sharing the full extent of the documents. Some lawmakers have accused officials of covering up for high-profile individuals affiliated with Epstein.
Nearly two dozen Epstein survivors have also spoken out against the DOJ for it’s incomplete and heavily redacted files dump.
“At the same time, numerous victim identities were left unredacted, causing real and immediate harm,” the survivors wrote in a statement.
The survivors called the DOJ’s handling of the documents “alarming.”
Watch: ‘Stop redacting names’ says Epstein survivor after release of files
Marina Lacerda has called on the DOJ to stop using the late pedophile’s victims as a defense for redacting information from the files.
Deputy Attorney General says it’s ‘laughable’ DOJ would take down photos from Epstein files because of Trump
The administration has been under fire over Friday’s release over the files after it was reported that a picture of Trump and Epstein together had been withdrawn by DOJ lawyers.
Here’s Isabel Keane on how Deputy Attorney General Todd Blanche responded to criticism over that issue.
Deputy Attorney General says it’s ‘laughable’ DOJ would take down photos with Trump
Watch: Trump claims release of files could ‘ruin’ reputations
Here is the president’s response to being questioned about Epstein yesterday.
Recap: Trump complains about Epstein files distracting from his agenda as DOJ comes under fire over limited release
Speaking at Mar-a-Lago Monday, President Donald Trump criticized the release of thousands of documents from cases against Jeffrey Epstein, warning they could “ruin the reputation” of high-profile figures who were “innocently” photographed alongside the convicted sex offender and “deflect” from his administration’s accomplishments.
In his first public remarks since the Department of Justice started to publish thousands of images and heavily redacted materials, the president said the release of images of former president Bill Clinton and others photographed with Epstein is a “terrible thing.”
“You probably have pictures being exposed of other people that innocently met Jeffrey Epstein years ago,” Trump said.
“A lot of people are very angry that pictures are being released of other people that really had nothing to do with Epstein, but they’re in a picture with him because he was at a party, and you ruin the reputation of somebody.”
Alex Woodward has this report.
Trump says Epstein files ‘deflect’ from his agenda while DOJ comes under fire
Pam Bondi’s approval rating has fallen by nearly 50 points in the last year as she faces fallout from the Epstein files
Public opinion of Attorney General Pam Bondi has cratered, with a recent poll finding public opinion of her has plunged nearly 50 percent in the last 10 months, a striking referendum on one of the Trump administration’s most prominent figures handling hot-button issues such as deportations and the Epstein files.
Bondi’s popularity peaked in February, according to polling from AtlasIntel, when she had a net six percent positive image with respondents. Since then, Americans have largely turned on the former Florida attorney general, and they now hold a 41-point net negative view of Bondi.
The latest polling, based off answers from 2,315 respondents, captured public sentiment in the week ending on Friday, December 19, when Bondi’s Justice Department faced a statutory deadline to release the Epstein files.
While the DOJ has started releasing some files, the disclosure has been marked with delay and controversy. Scores of files now available to the public have been heavily redacted, angering Epstein survivors. The department also deleted then restored a file from its public portal containing photos of Donald Trump, raising suspicions of political interference, which the DOJ denied.
Read on…
Pam Bondi’s approval rating has fallen nearly 50 points as she faces Epstein fallout
Watch: GOP Rep. Massie and Dem. Rep. Khanna say they are drafting contempt charges against Bondi for not releasing full Epstein files
ICYMI: Lawmakers are pushing to get AG Pam Bondi held in contempt for partial release of Epstein files
Republican Rep. Thomas Massie and Democratic Rep. Ro Khanna are once again teaming up to ensure the release of the Epstein files, this time by pressuring Attorney General Pam Bondi to comply with their legislation or face contempt of Congress charges.
Massie and Khanna, who co-sponsored the Epstein Files Transparency Act, said Sunday they were in the process of drafting “inherent contempt” against Bondi and building a bipartisan coalition in the House of Representatives to punish her for not releasing the full files by the December 19 deadline.
“Todd Blanche is the face of this, but it’s really the Attorney General’s Office, Pam Bondi, who is responsible,” Massie told CBS’s Face the Nation. “The quickest way, and I think most expeditious way, to get justice for these victims is to bring inherent contempt against Pam Bondi.”
Read on…
Lawmakers threaten AG Pam Bondi with contempt for partial release of Epstein files
Watch: Rep. Garcia slams Epstein files’ heavy redactions as ‘ridiculous’
Epstein survivors blast ‘unacceptable’ partial release of files as Congress members weigh legal options over DOJ’s missed deadline
The partial release of government files on Jeffrey Epstein has caused a firestorm among survivors of the late convicted sex offender’s alleged abuse and members of Congress.
One of the survivors, Sharlene Rochard, called the heavily redacted documents dump “unacceptable.”
“I’m very upset with the justice system because there’s full pages that are totally blacked out,” Rochard said on NBC News’ Here’s the Scoop Monday. “I don’t know about you, but my name is not a full page. We only asked that our names be redacted.”
Read on…
Epstein survivors blast partial release of files as Congress weighs legal options
Thomas Massie blasts Trump and Bondi over Epstein files
Responding to the latest trove of files related to the late convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein that were released last Friday, which included photos of former Democratic President Bill Clinton, Trump told reporters Monday, “I’ve always gotten along with Bill Clinton…I hate to see photos come out of him.”
“You probably have pictures being exposed of other people that innocently met Jeffrey Epstein years ago, many years ago, and they’re highly respected bankers and lawyer and others. And they’ll end up, because of guys like [Rep. Thomas] Massie, who’s a real low life…” Trump continued.
Massie, who helped push for legislation to force the Justice Department to release the Epstein files, wrote on X in response: “Trump is blaming me for a bill he eventually signed, while defending his banker friends, Bill Clinton, and ‘innocent’ visitors to rape island,” referring to Epstein’s private island where he was accused of sex trafficking underage girls.
“Meanwhile [Attorney General Pam] Bondi is working fervently to redact, omit, and delete Epstein files she is legally required to release under our bill.”
China ramps up tensions with Britain over Jimmy Lai conviction
China has lashed out at Britain and the US for criticising the jailing of Hong Kong pro-democracy activist and media tycoon Jimmy Lai.
Beijing summoned both British and American diplomats to express its “strong concerns” over government statements about Lai’s conviction in Hong Kong on national security and sedition charges.
Lai is a 78-year-old British citizen, and the UK has led statements from governments and leaders around the world calling for his immediate release. A foreign office statement said Lai’s case was “politically motivated”, and that he “has been targeted by the Chinese and Hong Kong governments for peacefully exercising his right to freedom of expression”.
Lai is an outspoken supporter of Hong Kong’s press freedoms and democratic system – rights that were supposed to be enshrined in law after the city’s handover from Britain to China, but which have since been heavily eroded.
He rose to prominence as founder of the independent, pro-democracy Apple Daily newspaper, but was arrested and the paper shut down in 2020 as part of a draconian crackdown in the name of “national security” following massive popular protests.
He was found guilty earlier this month of sedition and collusion with foreign forces under Hong Kong’s controversial new national security laws.
The Hong Kong office of the Chinese foreign ministry said that it had lodged “solemn representations” with representatives of the US, UK and other Western nations over comments that it claimed interfered with the lawful handling of the case. China does not recognise Lai’s British citizenship and claims criticisms around his case amount to interference in its internal affairs.
In a statement, the commissioner’s office of the foreign ministry said it had “expressed strong concern and firm opposition” to such comments and urged the countries and politicians involved to respect China’s sovereignty and the rule of law in Hong Kong.
Following Lai’s conviction, London summoned the Chinese ambassador while foreign secretary Yvette Cooper condemned the ruling, saying the case had been brought for political purposes and demanding the national security law be repealed.
The matter is now set to feature prominently during Sir Keir Starmer’s meeting with Chinese president Xi Jinping in Beijing next month. The prime minister has been under growing pressure to demand the British national’s release, with Lai’s family raising urgent concerns over his deteriorating health.
US president Donald Trump earlier said he had asked Mr Xi to consider releasing Lai, adding that he felt “so badly” about the incarcerated media mogul. His administration said Lai’s guilty verdict showed China’s determination to “silence those who seek to protect freedom of speech and other fundamental rights”.
Lai is expected to be sentenced next month, coinciding with Sir Kier’s visit to Beijing between 29 and 31 January.
Asked whether Sir Keir’s visit would mark a “pivotal moment”, Caoilfhionn Gallagher, who leads Lai’s international legal team, replied: “The short answer is yes.”
“Any closer engagement with China must go hand in hand with safeguarding our interests,” he said. “We’re deeply concerned that there has been a headlong rush towards ever-closer relations without sufficient protection of our core interests – not least a British national who remains behind bars.”
Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor surrenders gun licence to police
Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor has surrendered his gun licence and firearms to police following a review.
The former prince, 65, agreed to give up the certificate after specialist police visited his Royal Lodge home in Windsor, it has been reported.
Gun licences are reviewed regularly and can be revoked if the holder has a change of circumstances or there are public safety concerns.
The Sun reported that Andrew can now only use, or transport, his shotguns if accompanied, the newspaper reported.
A Metropolitan Police spokesperson said: “On Wednesday November 19, firearms licensing officers attended an address in Windsor to request that a man in his sixties voluntarily surrender his firearms and shotgun certificate.
“The certificate was surrendered, and we will be not be commenting any further at this stage.”
It comes after the former prince was forced to relinquish all his remaining titles including the Duke of York after continued reporting on his ties to convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein.
The news came after the publication of extracts of the posthumous memoir of Epstein victim Virgina Giuffre. In the book, Giuffre claimed that Andrew considered it his “birthright” to sleep with her.
In his statement, issued on 17 October, Andrew repeated that “I vigorously deny the accusations against me”.
The Met announced earlier this month that they would no longer probe Andrew after they found no evidence he had asked one of his bodyguards to investigate Jeffrey Epstein victim Virginia Giuffre.
In a statement on Saturday, the force said its assessment “has not revealed any additional evidence of criminal acts or misconduct” and it would not open a criminal investigation.
“The Met remains committed to thoroughly assessing any new information that could assist in this matter,” said police Central Specialist Crime Commander Ella Marriott. “To date, we have not received any additional evidence that would support reopening the investigation. In the absence of any further information, we will be taking no further action. Our thoughts will always be with Ms. Giuffre’s family and friends following her death.”
As Epstein files continue to be released, a photo revealed by the US Department of Justice saw the former prince lying across the legs of five people.
In the undated photo, convicted sex trafficker Ghislaine Maxwell appears to peer down and smile at the former prince, who is smiling with his eyes closed and his head near a woman’s lap. The photograph was taken at the royal residence of Sandringham
Maxwell – the former girlfriend of Epstein, who is currently serving 20 years in prison for her role in a decade-long scheme to sexually exploit and abuse minor girls with him – can be seen standing beside another woman.
All six people apart from Maxwell and the former Duke of York have had their faces redacted in the image, which is a photograph of a picture in a frame.
Andrew has been approached for comment.
It’s about experience: Further Education teachers share what it takes
In the modern world, many of us are working longer than ever. Research based on ONS Labour Market data found that there are almost one million more workers aged 65 and above since the millennium and the state pension is set to rise to 67 by 2028 and 68 by the late 2030s. Subsequently, having multiple careers is becoming increasingly popular. And after decades working in a specific industry, sharing the work-based knowledge you have gained via teaching in further education is one of the most rewarding career shifts you can make.
Further Education teaching (defined as any education for people aged 16 and over who aren’t studying for a degree) allows you to switch up your working days and harness the skills and experience you have developed, all while helping shape the next generation of workers in your field.
To find out more about the role, from what it takes to the best parts of the job, we spoke to Further Education teachers who have switched from doing their day job to teaching it…
Sharing real-world experience
John Ryan, 51, from Weston Super Mare, worked for more than a decade on site in the construction industry, mainly in bricklaying and supervising roles, before an opportunity to become a Further Education assessor changed his path in his thirties. Travelling nationally to assess the work of new bricklayers in order to sign off their NVQs (National Vocational Qualification), the college John was associated with then started offering him some teaching work.
With no prior teaching qualifications, John completed these alongside his assessing and teaching roles with the fees picked up by the teaching college. “I liked the idea of passing on my knowledge and giving young people the skills and confidence to progress in a trade,” he says. “Teaching in Further Education felt like a natural next step because it would allow me to combine my practical background with coaching and mentoring.” There were practical draws too. “On site in the construction industry you are self-employed so you do not get holidays or sick pay. The stability of income and regular paid holidays was a big draw of Further Education teaching,” he adds.
Since his first assessing role 18 years ago, John has worked between assessing, teaching and jobs back on the construction site and now, he currently teaches bricklaying and groundwork full-time at South Gloucestershire and Stroud College.
John’s extensive site and supervisory experience has proved to be hugely valuable when it comes to teaching his students there. “I can explain not just the ‘how’ but also the ‘why’ behind industry standards,” he explains. “Learners often respond well to hearing about real jobs, site challenges, and the professional behaviours that employers expect. It makes the lessons more relatable and credible,” he shares.
“For example, I can share stories of accidents when teaching site safety, or explain how a mistake of a few millimetres on a construction site can cost you time to rectify, which in turn will cost you money,” he says. “These hands-on, real world experiences make the theory relatable and show learners the real value of getting it right.”
Coral Aspinall, 52, who became a full-time Further Education teacher 12 years ago, agrees. “My experience allows me to put my teaching into context,” she says. Coral started out her engineering career at 16 as an apprentice in a local engineering company. Following a BSc in Engineering and Business Management, she worked for many years in the engineering industry before enrolling on a part-time PGDE (Professional Graduate Diploma in Education) course for teaching. She’s now the Engineering Programme Leader at the Stockport campus of the Trafford and Stockport College Group. Here, they offer qualifications such as Level 2 Performing Engineering Operations as well as engineering-focused Level 3 T Levels and Level 3 Btec Awards. They also offer Level 3 apprenticeships across engineering including Technical Support, Engineering Fitter and Maintenance Management.
“Because I’ve been an engineering apprentice myself, I understand what the student needs to be successful in terms of skills, knowledge and behaviour,” she explains. “I also have contacts in the wider engineering community and understand what an employer is looking for in an apprentice, and can also share insights in terms of how the sector is shifting and evolving to help support their progress.”
The importance of empathy
Working for an extensive period of time in a field before passing on that knowledge gives teachers maturity and empathy which can be hugely helpful for students, especially those facing complex life situations.
Beyond the practical techniques, a big part of John’s role is helping learners build confidence, teamwork, communication, and problem-solving skills that employers look for. “Many of my learners have different challenges, so they value teachers who are approachable, who believe in them, and who prepare them for real opportunities in work or further study,” he says. For John, his previous work experience has allowed him to do this. “On site, I worked with people facing all sorts of pressures, from work to life issues, which taught me to be patient and supportive,” he explains.
Coral has had a similar experience. “I see my role as more than imparting knowledge; it is about preparing the young person for the next stage of their journey. The students trust me to have their best interests at heart; they come to me for advice on their next steps and how they can achieve their aspirations, and I’ll support them with both practical advice and words of encouragement.”
For Coral, teaching later in life allows her to draw from a mature perspective, and teach her students positive workplace behaviours alongside skills and knowledge. “Students thrive when they have clear unambiguous boundaries, so I’m firm around expectations in terms of timekeeping, attendance and attitude. This is particularly important to succeeding in the workplace as employers value these behaviours as much as, or even more than having specific expertise or know-how (which can generally be developed).”
Could you be a Further Education teacher?
If you’re looking for a fresh career option, and keen to share your skills with the next generation, Further Education teaching could be a really enriching new phase. Further Education covers a huge range of career sectors including construction, law, engineering, digital, hospitality, tourism, beauty and more. This includes BTECs (Business and Technology Education Council qualifications), T Levels, NVQs (National Vocational Qualifications) or City & Guilds Qualifications.
Teaching in a mixture of colleges (often General Further Education Colleges or Sixth Form Colleges) and Adult and Community Learning Centres as well as workplace and apprenticeship settings, further education teachers share their years of real world industry skills with a diverse mix of people from those straight out of school aged sixteen to those making career switches later in life.
You don’t always need an academic degree or prior teaching qualifications to start teaching in further education. You can undertake teacher training on the job, often funded by your employer, so you can start earning straight away.. Furthermore, it doesn’t mean you have to stop working in your chosen field. Further education offers hybrid opportunities – so you could teach part time alongside your other commitments. This means you could have the best of both worlds, where you are still working in your chosen industry and teaching alongside it at a time that suits your schedule. Find out if it’s the right move for you here.
If, like John and Coral, you see the appeal in sharing the knowledge and skills you’ve developed with the next generation, exploring the option of becoming a Further Education teacher can be a great next step. As John shares, the reward is always worth it: “It never gets old passing on my knowledge to people starting on their journey, knowing I have made a difference and getting a smile and thanks in return!”
Looking for a new role that’s rewarding, flexible and draws on your current career? Why not consider sharing your experience where it matters most – helping inspire the next generation of workers in the field you love? Visit Further Education to find out more
Study suggests vaccinating boys is key to eliminating cervical cancer
Eradicating cervical cancer may require vaccinating against the human papillomavirus not just in girls but in boys as well, a new study suggests.
The virus, commonly known as HPV, is responsible for the most widespread sexually transmitted infection in the world but current vaccination drives only target girls.
Although the infection can remain without any symptoms and resolve naturally within two years in 90 per cent of the cases, its persistence can lead to cancer in some people.
HPV-induced cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women, with nearly 660,000 new cases and 350,000 deaths every year.
HPV vaccines, shown to be effective in minimising disease spread and cancer risk, are currently offered and recommended in 147 countries.
But the best vaccination strategy to eradicate HPV-induced cervical cancer remains debatable, researchers say.
Now scientists have come up with a new mathematical model to help public health officials design more effective HPV vaccination programmes.
The model, detailed in a new study published in the journal Bulletin of Mathematical Biology, assessed whether a recent HPV vaccination programme in South Korea was enough to control cervical cancer.
Researchers found that vaccinating boys against HPV, along with ongoing efforts to immunise girls, could be key to eradicating cervical cancer.
“Cervical cancer is one of the few cancers effectively prevented by vaccines,” Soyoung Park, lead author of the study from the University of Maryland, said. “It was important to check if the recent government program for offering vaccines is going to be enough to effectively control the disease in Korea.”
The new model incorporates demographic and South Korean cervical cancer data from 1999 to 2020 to predict how HPV transmits across a population.
South Korea’s National Immunisation Programme, which started in 2016, vaccinates about 80 per cent of the nation’s girls aged 12-17 while another 30,000 women aged 18-26 receive “catch-up vaccinations” annually.
The model shows these policies are insufficient to eliminate HPV and related cancers in the country.
“It’s achieving the objective of reducing cases of cervical cancer, but it’s not going to eliminate it. The objective is elimination,” Abba Gumel, another study author, said.
To completely eradicate cervical cancer, researchers estimate that the immunisation drive must cover 99 per cent of women in the country. But vaccinating boys “reduces the pressure of having to vaccinate a large proportion of females”, Dr Gumel explained.
The study proposes immunising 65 per cent of the boys in the 12-17 population group while maintaining the current 80 per cent female vaccination coverage. Doing this will eliminate HPV-related cancers in South Korea within 60-70 years, the study estimates.
“The way to protect them is to surround them with a sea of immunity,” Dr Gumel said.
“We don’t have to be losing 350,000 people globally to cervical cancer each year. We can see an end to HPV and HPV-related cancers if we improve vaccination coverage.”
New study reveals effects of HRT on dementia risk
New research has found “no evidence” that commonly prescribed hormone therapies for menopausal women either increase or decrease the risk of dementia.
While experts stress that more studies are needed, the findings are said to “reinforce current clinical guidance” that hormone therapy should be prescribed based on other perceived benefits and risks, rather than for dementia prevention.
Hormone therapy, also known as hormone replacement therapy (HRT), is designed to replace the hormones that naturally decline during menopause.
This treatment helps alleviate a range of symptoms, including hot flushes, mood swings, sleep disturbances, and night sweats.
Available in various forms such as tablets, gels, sprays, or creams, HRT can contain different hormones, including oestrogen, progesterone, and sometimes testosterone.
A comprehensive review conducted by a team of researchers from the UK, Ireland, Switzerland, Australia, and China examined 10 studies involving over one million women.
The team investigated whether HRT use affected the risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which impacts thinking and memory, or dementia in both pre and post-menopausal women.
The study included patients with MCI, those experiencing early menopause, and women with premature ovarian insufficiency, where the ovaries cease functioning before the age of 40.
The analysis, published in The Lancet Healthy Longevity, concluded there was “no significant association” between HRT and the risk of mild cognitive impairment or dementia.
Furthermore, the timing, duration, or specific type of HRT used showed “no significant effects”.
Researchers reiterated that there was “no evidence that” using hormone therapy “either increases or decreases the risk of dementia in post-menopausal women” and that prescriptions should be “based on other perceived benefits and risks and not for dementia prevention”.
They also called for high-quality studies to further clarify the role of hormone therapy and dementia risk, particularly focusing on women with early menopause or mild cognitive impairment.
Dementia disproportionately affects women globally, even when accounting for longer lifespans, with an estimated 982,000 people in the UK living with the condition, approximately two-thirds of whom are women.
Melissa Melville, lead author of the study and a PhD student at UCL psychology and language sciences, highlighted this disparity.
She stated: “Across the globe, dementia disproportionately affects women, even after accounting for women’s longer lifespans, so there’s a pressing need to understand what might be driving that risk, and to identify ways to reduce women’s risk of dementia.”
Ms Melville added: “Menopause hormone therapy is widely used to manage menopausal symptoms, yet its impact on memory, cognition and dementia risk remains one of the most debated issues in women’s health.
“Conflicting research and concerns about potential harms have fuelled public and clinical debate, leaving women and clinicians unsure whether menopause hormone therapy might raise or reduce their risk of dementia.”
Professor Aimee Spector, also from UCL psychology and language sciences, noted that the World Health Organisation (WHO) currently provides no guidance on menopause hormone therapy and cognitive outcomes, leaving a critical gap for clinicians and policymakers.
She expressed hope that the review would help inform upcoming WHO guidelines on reducing the risk of cognitive decline and dementia, expected in 2026.
Professor Spector concluded: “To cut through the noise, we reviewed the most rigorous research there is on the subject and found that menopause hormone therapy does not appear to impact dementia risk either positively or negatively.
“More high-quality, long-term research is still needed to fully understand the long-term impacts of menopausal hormone therapy.”
However, menopause specialist Louise Newson offered a different perspective, suggesting it is “impossible to state from this research that HRT does not either increase or reduce dementia risk.”
She argued: “We have known for decades that our three hormones progesterone, estradiol and testosterone are made in our brains and have specific roles in our brains including improving the way the nerve cells grow, function and communicate with each other.”
Ms Newson emphasised the importance of “common sense” in the debate, noting that modern HRT prescribes hormones with the same molecular structure as natural ones, unlike older synthetic types.
She concluded that women prescribed HRT containing progesterone, estradiol, and testosterone experience more benefits than risks, including improved symptoms like memory problems, and reduced future risk of osteoporosis and heart disease.