The findings, published with All Eyes on Wagner, reveal how Russia is reshaping its methods while keeping a strong presence across the continent.

On 7 August, two Russian nationals were arrested in the Angolan capital Luanda after violent protests over soaring fuel prices. They face charges including criminal conspiracy, document forgery, terrorism and terror financing.

Angolan authorities said the pair had set up a network of propaganda and disinformation designed to stir unrest and bankroll the demonstrations.

The arrests shed light on Moscow’s evolving toolkit in Africa.

One of the men, Lev Lakshtanov, is accused of masterminding the operation, RFI journalist Carol Valade said.

Death toll rises in Angola after protests and looting over fuel hike

Operative in ‘cultural diplomacy’

At 64, Lakshtanov has a long track record in the world of Russian soft power. He founded Farol, a cultural NGO for Portuguese-speaking countries, backed by Rossotrudnichestvo – the state agency for cultural diplomacy created under former president Dmitry Medvedev.

Plans were under way to open a Russian cultural centre in Luanda this year.

After spending time in Brazil, Lakshtanov wound up his activities in Russia around the time of the 2022 invasion of Ukraine. He later appeared in the United Arab Emirates before quietly settling in Angola on a tourist visa.

With his associate Igor Racthin, he moved into Luanda’s Gamek district. The pair posed as journalists, sought contacts with opposition figures, and reached out to Buka Tanda, a Russian speaker and senior member of the youth wing of UNITA, Angola’s main opposition party.

They told Tanda they were preparing a documentary and wanted to set up a cultural centre. He introduced them to his cousin, a journalist at state TV.

Soon the group was running paid interviews with politicians and commissioning opinion polls on perceptions of Russia – until their arrest on charges of orchestrating fuel protests.

Former Wagner media operative lifts the lid on Russian disinformation in CAR

Echoes of Chad

The case mirrors events in Chad a year earlier. In September 2024, three Russians and a Belarusian were arrested in N’Djamena.

Among them were Maksim Shugaley and Samir Seyfan, both long linked to Wagner’s African influence operations.

The group posed as investors, rented property, cultivated political contacts and recruited Russian-speaking Chadians. Two presented themselves as journalists, offering training and funding to reporters – then asking them to publish pro-Russian articles for cash.

They were detained during the inauguration of a Russian cultural centre in the capital, also set up under Rossotrudnichestvo.

Wagner replaced in Mali by Africa Corps, another Russian military group

From Wagner to Africa Corps

These cases show how Moscow’s strategy has shifted. “They are now more discreet but busier than ever, expanding and becoming increasingly professional,” said Lou Osborn, of All Eyes on Wagner.

The operations now run under the umbrella of the African Initiative, closely linked to Africa Corps – the Kremlin’s new command structure bringing Wagner’s former military assets under state control.

A wider network of private actors and consultants, many tied to Wagner or Russian intelligence in the past, is also active. Angolan police and Western officials refer to this circle as “Africa Politology”.

The findings come five years after the 18 August 2020 coup in Mali, which ended decades of French influence and brought the country into Russia’s orbit.

Since then, Wagner’s troops in Mali have been replaced by Africa Corps, while Moscow has signed multiple trade and nuclear energy deals with Bamako.

Ukraine’s allies gathered on Tuesday to review the outcome of fast-moving talks aimed at ending the war, amid signs that Volodymyr Zelensky could meet Putin at a future peace summit.

Hopes of a breakthrough rose when the Ukrainian president and European leaders met US President Donald Trump in Washington on Monday, who said he had also spoken by phone with his Russian counterpart.

The Ukraine war, which has killed tens of thousands of people, has ground to a virtual stalemate despite a few recent Russian advances, defying Trump’s push to end it.

A face-to-face meeting between Zelensky and Putin would be their first since Russia’s brutal invasion nearly three-and-a-half years ago.

Macron said France and Britain would hold a virtual meeting on Tuesday of the so-called “coalition of the willing”, to “keep them up to date on what was decided” at the talks in Washington and the “next steps” for Ukraine.

“Right after that, we’ll start concrete work with the Americans,” Macron told French news channel LCI.

Zelensky-Putin peace talks on the table after Washington summit

With regards to a Putin-Zelensky meeting, Macron suggested Geneva could host the talks, but said it was “up to Ukraine” to decide whether to make concessions on territory, including parts of the eastern Donbas region still under its control.

Switzerland said on Tuesday it would grant Putin immunity if he came to the country for peace talks on Ukraine, despite the International Criminal Court’s arrest warrant.

Last year, the Swiss government defined “the rules for granting immunity to a person under an international arrest warrant. If this person comes for a peace conference – not if they come for private reasons”, Swiss Foreign Minister Ignazio Cassis told a press conference.

The last time there were bilateral talks, they were held in Istanbul he pointed out, referring to the three rounds of lower-level negotiations between Russia and Ukraine held in Turkey between May and July.

Pandora’s box

On the topic of concessions, Macron said Ukraine will do what “it deems just and right”, but stressed “let’s be very careful when we talk about legal recognition.

“If countries… can say, ‘we can take territory by force’, (that) opens a Pandora’s box.”

The French leader accused Putin of “rarely honoured his commitments,” and called the Russian leader a “predator, who for his own survival, needs to keep eating” – comments that underscored wider European wariness.

Putin “has constantly been a force for destabilisation. He has sought to redraw borders to increase his power,” Macron said, adding he did not believe that Russia would “return to peace and a democratic system from one day to the next”.

This did not mean that France would “come under attack tomorrow”, Macron said, “but of course this is a threat to Europe (…) let’s not be naive.”

Trump-Putin summit ends without Ukraine deal

Trump – whose summit with Putin in Alaska last Friday failed to produce any ceasefire – wrote on his Truth Social network after Monday’s meetings that “everyone is very happy about the possibility of PEACE for Russia/Ukraine”.

“At the conclusion of the meetings, I called President Putin, and began the arrangements for a meeting, at a location to be determined, between President Putin and President Zelensky,” he added.

Trump said he would then hold a three-way summit with the Ukrainian and Russian leaders.

German Chancellor Friedrich Merz, who was part of the European delegation, said Putin had agreed to the bilateral meeting within the next two weeks.

Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said on Tuesday any peace deal on Ukraine must ensure Russia’s security.

“Without respect for Russia’s security interests, without full respect for the rights of Russians and Russian-speaking people who live in Ukraine, there can be no talk of any long-term agreements,” Lavrov told state TV channel Rossiya 24.

(with AFP)

The United Nations Security Council began to debate Monday a resolution drafted by France to extend the UN peacekeeping force in south Lebanon for a year with the ultimate aim to withdraw it.

The future of UNIFIL has become the latest flashpoint between Washington and its European allies.

While the Trump administration has been pressing to draw down and shut the operation within months, France and its European partners are rallying behind it, arguing its continued presence is vital for stability in the region.

Created in 1978 and expanded after the 2006 war between Israel and Hezbollah, UNIFIL has long served as a buffer force in southern Lebanon.

Its 10,000-strong contingent of international troops patrols a volatile border and supports the Lebanese army as it works to consolidate authority. For many in Europe, the mission is imperfect but indispensable.

Macron hosts Lebanon’s president, reiterating French support for ‘sovereignty’

‘Expensive failure’

The White House, however, has made no secret of its desire to curtail the operation.

Senior officials, echoing longstanding Israeli frustrations, see UNIFIL as an expensive failure that has done little to weaken Hezbollah’s grip in the south of the country.

US Secretary of State Marco Rubio recently endorsed a plan to wind down the mission over six months, part of a broader retreat from multilateral commitments and UN spending.

But France – backed by Italy and Britain – has mounted a determined diplomatic campaign to resist an abrupt end.

European envoys argue that cutting short UNIFIL’s work would create a dangerous security vacuum.

France has pointed to the example of Mali, where a premature UN withdrawal left government forces overstretched and paved the way for extremist groups to expand.

As one French diplomat, speaking on condition of anonymity, warned: “If you leave too soon, others will rush to fill the space – and not the kind of actors anyone wants.”

France’s defence minister calls on Gulf states to aid Lebanese forces

France secures UNIFIL extension

After a series of negotiations last week, France and its allies secured provisional US agreement to a one-year extension of the mandate, buying time to keep the mission alive.

Israel, though long hostile to the peacekeepers, reluctantly accepted the compromise. What happens beyond next year, however, remains the subject of debate.

The French draft resolution, circulated in New York ahead of an upcoming Security Council vote on 25 August, deliberately avoids setting a fixed withdrawal date.

Instead, it extends UNIFIL’s mandate for a year while signalling the Council’s “intention to work on a withdrawal”.

For Paris, keeping the mission’s closure open-ended is crucial to avoid emboldening Hezbollah or undermining the Lebanese army before it is ready to assume full responsibility.

France, contributing states condemn Israeli attacks on peacekeepers in Lebanon

Disarming Hezbollah

Lebanon’s government is itself deeply wary of any rapid pullback. With only 6,000 troops currently deployed in the south, Beirut says it needs time and resources to scale up to the planned 10,000.

Retired general Khalil Helou has warned that without UNIFIL, the army would have to divert soldiers from the Syrian border or other critical posts, risking wider instability. “For Lebanon, their presence is important,” he said.

Even Washington’s own representatives have softened their tone. Tom Barrack, the US envoy to Lebanon, this week called on Israel to fully honour its ceasefire commitments, including withdrawal from five Lebanese border points it still occupies.

He praised Beirut for taking steps to disarm Hezbollah and urged an “economic plan for prosperity, restoration and renovation” in the country.

Meanwhile, UN officials, have continued to underline the mission’s contribution. Peacekeepers have uncovered weapons caches and rocket launchers in recent weeks, sharing intelligence with the Lebanese army.

“UNIFIL remains critical to regional stability,” spokesman Stephane Dujarric said.

Financial constraints may still force adjustments. With UN budgets under strain, diplomats acknowledge that troop numbers could be reduced, offset by the greater use of surveillance technology.

(with newswires)

Hopes of a breakthrough rose after Trump said he had spoken by phone with Russian counterpart Putin – whom he met in Alaska last week – following a “very good” meeting with the Europeans and the Ukrainian president at the White House.

It would be the first meeting between the Russian and Ukrainian leaders since Moscow’s brutal invasion nearly three and a half years ago, and comes as Trump tries to live up to his promise to quickly end the war.

Trump, 79, wrote on his Truth Social network that “everyone is very happy about the possibility of PEACE for Russia/Ukraine.”

“At the conclusion of the meetings, I called President Putin, and began the arrangements for a meeting, at a location to be determined, between President Putin and President Zelensky,” Trump said.

European support

Zelensky said he was ready for what would be his first face-to-face with Putin.

“I confirmed – and all European leaders supported me – that we are ready for a bilateral meeting with Putin,” Zelensky said following the summit.

Zelensky has come under increasing pressure to cede territory to end the grinding war, as Russia makes a series of advances.

Ahead of the White House meeting, Trump had pushed Ukraine to give up Crimea and abandon its goal of joining NATO – both key demands made by Putin.

Macron, other European leaders to join Zelensky in US for White House meeting with Trump

But Zelensky stressed he had been able to present a clearer picture of the battlelines to Trump, who he met in a one-on-one in the Oval Office.

“This was the best of our meetings,” Zelensky said, according to a statement put out by his office. “I was able to show many things, even on the map, to all American colleagues regarding the situation on the battlefield.”

Rather than concessions from Ukraine, the summit focused on arranging security guarantees in the event of a peace deal, French President Emmanuel Macron told reporters afterwards.

But he called for stepping up sanctions against Russia if Putin does not move forward on peace with Ukraine.

Trump said the guarantees “would be provided by the various European Countries (in) coordination with the United States of America.”

Successful meeting

NATO chief Mark Rutte told reporters at the White House it was a “very successful meeting” with “the president [Trump] really breaking the deadlock.”

“Today was really about security guarantees, the US getting more involved there, and all the details to be hammered out over the coming days,” he said.

The Financial Times, citing a document seen by the newspaper, said Ukraine had undertaken to buy $100 billion of US weapons financed by Europe in return for US guarantees for its security.

Zelensky later spoke to reporters about a $90 billion package, and said Ukraine and its allies would formalise the terms of the security guarantees within 10 days.

The presence of the European leaders however also underscored continuing nervousness about whether Trump will pivot towards Putin as he has on a number of occasions.

EU approves new sanctions package targeting Russia’s ‘shadow fleet’

Finnish President Alex Stubb said Putin was not “to be trusted.”

Germany’s Merz meanwhile said Ukraine should not be forced to surrender its Donbas region to Russia in talks.

“The Russian demand that Kyiv give up the free parts of Donbas corresponds, to put it bluntly, to a proposal for the United States to have to give up Florida,” Merz told reporters.

(with AFP)

Borne toured several schools on Monday and spoke of “significant progress” in repairing buildings.

The French overseas department was ravaged by cyclone Chido which swept through in December 2024, killing at least 50 people and causing considerable material damage.

At Younoussa-Bamana High School in Mamoudzou, 57 of 66 classrooms are now operational. “We will welcome students in the same conditions as before the cyclone,” Borne said during her visit.

Construction manager Bruno Ulrich said he hoped to finish all repairs by 26 August, but admitted “there’s still a lot to do” because of shortages of materials.

In the meantime, modular classrooms have been set up near unfinished blocks. At Majicavo-Lamir kindergarten in the north east of Grande-Terre island, eight prefabricated buildings are being used to host pupils from a neighbouring primary school destroyed by the storm.

The mayor of Majicavo-Lamir, Assani Saindou Bamcolo, said rebuilding had been slowed by a lack of funding.

Borne said that “90 percent of students will be able to attend a normal schedule of 24 hours of classes per week.” The remaining 10 percent would start with 10 hours a week before gradually returning to full schedules.

At M’gombani Middle School in Mamoudzou, Borne met students taking part in the “Learning Holidays” programme, a week of preparatory lessons “to get the best possible start to the year”.

France approves €4bn plan to rebuild Mayotte and tighten migration rules

Unions, parents disappointed

Parents’ groups and teachers’ unions disputed the minister’s optimism.

The FCPE 976 parents’ organisation refused to attend the visit, saying schools “are not ready.” In a letter to Borne, the group said 15,000 children – one in four – were still unable to attend classes.

“What our children are experience is not a fleeting problem. It’s a national shame,” the signatories wrote.

SNES-FSU teachers’ union general secretary Sophie Vénétitay also voiced concern. “There are still colleagues who have not received the exceptional Chido bonus (…) And little has been done regarding attractiveness,” she told French news agency AFP.

How overseas Mayotte became ‘a department apart’ within France

Many in Mayotte have long felt neglected by France’s central government, and the devastation caused by cyclone Chido has deepened those frustrations. 

Chronic underinvestment in infrastructure and public services has exacerbated the crisis. 

Currently 77 percent of people live below the national poverty line and payments such as the minimum income benefit RSA remain half as high as in the rest of France.

In July, France’s Senate approved a bill to rebuild Mayotte, which includes €4 billion in public investment over six years.

It also aims to increase social benefits in Mayotte to match mainland France by 2031.

The Constitutional Council cleared the bill earlier this month despite objections from Socialist, far-left and Green MPs. The law also tightens immigration rules and targets informal housing.

(with AFP)

The deal, brokered by US President Donald Trump, commits both countries to respect each other’s territorial integrity – the issue at the centre of bloody wars.

The agreement is seen as paving the way for Turkey to restore diplomatic ties with Armenia.

“Ankara has been promising that once there is a peace agreement, it will open the border,” says Asli Aydintasbas, of the Washington-based Brookings Institution.

“There was a brief period in the post-Soviet era when it [the border] was opened, but that was quickly shut again due to the Armenian-Azeri tensions.”

Aydintasbas says reopening the border could have wide-reaching consequences.

“Armenia and Turkey opening their border and starting trade would be a historical moment in terms of reconciliation between these two nations, which have very bitter historic memories,” she adds.

“But beyond that, it would help Armenia economically because it’s a landlocked country entirely dependent on Russia for its protection and its economy.”

Turning point

In June, Armenia’s Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan met Turkey’s President Recep Tayyip Erdogan in Istanbul. The meeting was seen as a turning point in relations long overshadowed by the memory of the 1915 Armenian Genocide, which Ankara still officially denies.

“There’s now a degree of personal chemistry between the Armenian prime minister and Erdogan. This was seen in a June historic meeting, the first ever bilateral contact, a face-to-face meeting,” says Richard Giragosian, director of the Regional Studies Centre, a think tank in Yerevan.

Turkey closed its border with Armenia in 1993 after ethnic Armenians in Azerbaijan seized the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh enclave.

The enclave was retaken by Azerbaijani forces in 2022. Giragosian says the peace deal, along with warmer ties between Pashinyan and Erdogan, could now help Yerevan reach a long-sought goal.

“In the longer perspective for Turkey and Armenia, this is about going beyond the South Caucasus. It’s about Central Asia. It’s about European markets, potentially a new Iran in the future,” he says.

Erdogan congratulated Pashinyan on Monday over the deal, but made no official pledge on reopening the border. That decision may lie with Azerbaijan’s president, Ilham Aliyev.

“They [Ankara] will be looking to Baku. Baku is basically able to tell Turkey not to move on normalisation with Armenia, not to open the border,” says Aydintasbas.

“Part of the reason is that Turkey has developed an economic dependency on Azerbaijan, which is the top investor in Turkey. In other words, little brother is calling the shots, and I think that Ankara, to an extent, does not like it, but has come to appreciate the economic benefits of its relationship with Azerbaijan.”

Azerbaijani demands on Armenia

Azerbaijan is also pushing for changes to Armenia’s constitution, which it claims makes territorial claims on Nagorno-Karabakh.

“The Armenian constitution refers to the Declaration of Independence of Armenia, which has a clear clause on the unification with Armenia, with Nagorno-Karabakh,” says Farid Shafiyev of the Centre for Analysis of International Relations, a Baku-based think tank.

Shafiyev warned that without reform, the peace deal could unravel.

“Let’s say, imagine Pashinyan losing elections, a new person says: ‘You know, everything which was signed was against the Armenian constitution.’ For us, it is important that the Armenian people vote for the change of the constitution,” Shafiyev says.

Analysts note that changing the constitution would require a referendum with more than 50 percent turnout – a difficult and time-consuming process.

Time, however, may be running short. Russia is seen as the biggest loser from lasting peace in the Caucasus. For decades Moscow exploited the conflict to play Armenia and Azerbaijan against each other.

Pashinyan is now seeking to move away from Russian dominance and closer to Europe.

Giragosian warned that Armenia’s window of opportunity is limited.

“There is a closing window of opportunity – that is Russia’s distraction with everything in Ukraine. We do expect a storm on the horizon, with an angry, vengeful Putin reasserting or attempting to regain Russia’s lost power and influence in the region.”

Weakening Russia’s grip remains key, he adds. “Armenia, after all, is still a member of the Eurasian Economic Union, the Russian-dominated trade bloc.

“But it’s also a country that has a Russian military base. Russia still manages the Armenian railway network, for example. This is why, for Armenia, the real key here is going to be Turkey and normalising relations with Turkey.”

At present, Armenia’s only open land borders are with Georgia and Iran – both close to Russia. Opening the Turkish border would give Armenia a vital new route, while also benefiting Turkey’s economically depressed border region.

But for now, Azerbaijan may seek further concessions before allowing any breakthrough.

The 2024 figure was up 31 percent on the year before, the UN said on World Humanitarian Day, “driven by the relentless conflicts in Gaza, where 181 humanitarian workers were killed, and in Sudan, where 60 lost their lives”.

It said state actors were the most common perpetrators of the killings in 2024.

The UN said most of those killed were local staff, and were either attacked in the line of duty or in their homes.

Besides those killed, 308 aid workers were wounded, 125 kidnapped and 45 detained last year.

“Even one attack against a humanitarian colleague is an attack on all of us and on the people we serve,” said UN aid chief Tom Fletcher.

“Attacks on this scale, with zero accountability, are a shameful indictment of international inaction and apathy.

“As the humanitarian community, we demand – again – that those with power and influence act for humanity, protect civilians and aid workers and hold perpetrators to account.”

Starvation spreads from camps to besieged Sudanese city of El-Fasher

Provisional figures from the Aid Worker Security Database show that 265 aid workers have been killed this year, as of August 14.

The UN reiterated that attacks on aid workers and operations violate international humanitarian law and damage the lifelines sustaining millions of people trapped in war and disaster zones.

“Violence against aid workers is not inevitable. It must end,” said Fletcher, the UN emergency relief coordinator and under-secretary-general for humanitarian affairs.

Meanwhile the UN’s World Health Organization said it had verified more than 800 attacks on health care in 16 territories so far this year, with more than 1,110 health workers and patients killed and hundreds injured.

“Each attack inflicts lasting harm, deprives entire communities of life-saving care when they need it the most, endangers health care providers, and weakens already strained health systems,” the WHO said.

World Humanitarian Day marks the day in 2003 when UN rights chief Sergio Vieira de Mello and 21 other humanitarians were killed in the bombing of the UN headquarters in Baghdad.

Strips of bare land scar the lush and green mountainsides towering above Mutsamudu, the capital of the Indian Ocean island of Anjouan.

“We lost 80 percent of our natural forests between 1995 and 2014,” Abubakar Ben Mahmoud, environment minister of the country off northern Mozambique, told French news agency AFP in a recent interview.

The clearing of the forest for cultivation has compounded damage caused by the production of ylang-ylang essential oil, used in luxury perfumes, and the manufacture of traditional carved wooden doors for which the island is renowned.

With a high population density of more than 700 residents per square kilometre, “Deforestation has been intensified as farmers are looking for arable land for their activities,” the minister said.

The brown and barren patches on the slopes are starkly visible from the headquarters of Dahari, a leading organisation in the fight against deforestation, based in the hills of Mutsamudu.

Water guardians

The NGO last year launched a reforestation programme, working hand-in-hand with local farmers who are called “water guardians”.

Under a five-year conservation contract, the farmers commit to replanting their land or leaving it fallow in exchange for financial compensation, said one of the project’s managers, Misbahou Mohamed.

The first phase has included 30 farmers, with compensation paid out after inspection of the plots.

Another significant contributor to deforestation on Anjouan, the ylang-ylang essential oil industry, has in recent years heeded calls to limit its impact.

The Comoros is among the world’s top producers of the delicate and sweet-smelling yellow flower, prized for its supposed relaxing properties and widely used in perfumes like the famous Chanel No 5.

Protected areas offer hope for Africa’s vanishing forests and wildlife

The production of ylang-ylang, vanilla and cloves makes up a large part of the archipelago’s agricultural output, which represents a third of its GDP.

The country has around 10,000 ylang-ylang producers, most based on Anjouan, according to a report commissioned by the French Development Agency for a project to support Comoran agricultural exports.

Burning wood is the cheapest source of fuel for the distillation process, the report highlighted, with 250 kilogrammes (550 pounds) needed to produce one litre of essential oil.

Some producers are trying to limit their use of wood, such as Mohamed Mahamoud, 67, who said he halved consumption by upgrading his equipment.

“I now use third-generation stainless steel alembics, with an improved oven equipped with doors and chimneys,” said Mahamoud, who has grown and distilled ylang-ylang near the town of Bambao Mtsanga for nearly 45 years.

To avoid encroaching on the forest, most of his wood now comes from mango and breadfruit trees he grows himself.

Anger flares in Comoros as residents endure cost of living and energy crises

Rivers drying up

Some producers have in recent years switched to crude oil to fuel their stills.

But that costs twice as much wood, said one ylang-ylang exporter, who asked to remain anonymous.

And high electricity prices in Comoros mean that using electrical energy would cost 10 times more, “not to mention the long periods of power cuts”, he said.

Part of the drive to reduce wood consumption comes from an alarming observation: not only is deforestation stripping Anjouan’s mountains, it is also drying up its rivers.

Children’s tale takes root in West Africa’s fight to regrow its forests

Forests are essential for “the infiltration of water that feeds rivers and aquifers… like a sponge that retains water and releases it gradually”, said hydroclimatologist Abdoul Oubeidillah.

“In 1925, there were 50 rivers with a strong year-round flow of water,” said Bastoini Chaambani, from the environmental protection NGO Dayima. “Today, there are fewer than 10 rivers that flow continuously.”

The Comoros government has meanwhile announced it also intends to take part in reforestation efforts.

“We will do everything we can to save what little forest we have left,” said the environment minister.

(with AFP)

Malians welcomed the coup that overthrew President Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta on 18 August 2020.

General Assimi Goita promised to root out jihadists in the north of the country, which Mali had been unsuccessfully trying to do for nearly a decade with the support of the French military and a United Nations peacekeeping mission.

Then Mali experienced its second coup in 2021 and Goita, as interim president, promised “credible, fair and transparent elections” and a handover to civilian rule by June 2022.

But this never came to pass. 

Instead, Mali shifted allegiances away from France – from which it severed ties in 2022 – to Russia, which sent mercenaries from its Wagner group to fight with the army.

Rights abuses

In 2023, the Malian army regained control of Kidal, a Tuareg separatist stronghold, but Wagner has been unable to help Mali take back full control of its territory.

Many Malian towns are still controlled by jihadists, and the army and its Russian allies are regularly accused of abuses against civilians.

Earlier this year, Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger quit Ecowas to form their own confederation, the Alliance of Sahel States (AES), dealing a blow to the credibility of the grouping.

The AES accuses Ecowas of being a tool for what it sees as former colonial ruler France’s neo-imperialist ambitions and has created a unified army that conducts joint anti-jihadist operations.

In July 2025, Mali’s military-appointed legislative body granted Goita a five-year presidential mandate, renewable “as many times as necessary” without election.

Mali’s promise of democracy fades as junta extends Assimi Goita’s rule

With the military still in power, the situation for civilians is getting worse, according to Alioune Tine a former UN expert on human rights in Mali and the founder of the Senegalese think tank Afrikajom Center.

“They came for security, but today security is deteriorating,” he told RFI. “Now, the most serious thing from my point of view is that the promises of an 18-month transition have not been kept,” he explains.

Furthermore, the junta announced in May the dissolution of all political parties and organisations, as well as a ban on meetings.

“We are witnessing a kind of authoritarian rule, with increasingly restricted civic space, making it virtually impossible for the press, civil society or the opposition to express themselves,” Tine says.

Destabilisation plot

On top of the ongoing security and economic issues,  Malian authorities are searching for possible accomplices in what they say is a “foreign government-backed plot” to destabilise the country.

This follows the arrest of a French national suspected of working for French intelligence services along with over 50 Malian soldiers last week.

In a separate move, Mali’s civilian former prime minister Choguel Maiga and a number of his former colleagues were taken into custody as part of an investigation into claims of “misappropriation of public funds”.

UN mission in Mali officially ends after 10 years

Maiga, a former junta heavyweight, was appointed prime minister in 2021 before being dismissed at the end of last year after criticising the military government.

He had criticised being excluded from decisions about the continued leadership of the generals, who had initially promised to hand power back to elected civilians in March 2024.

No connection has been made between his arrest and those of the soldiers accused of wanting to overthrow the government.

The images of chaos and panic when the Taliban swept back to power on 15 August, 2021 provoked shock and outrage around the world, as thousands rushed to Kabul airport, desperate to evacuate alongside citizens of Western nations.

Afghans raced across the tarmac, some clinging on to departing planes, others passing their young children over barbed wire fences, pleading to have them evacuated. Seven people were crushed to death in the stampede.

The Taliban had been forced from power when a United States-led coalition of forces invaded Afghanistan in 2001 to hunt down Osama Bin Laden, who was responsible for the 9/11 bombing of the World Trade Centre in 2001.

Bin Laden, a Saudi national, had been given shelter in Afghanistan.

But, after two decades of Western presence, with dwindling public support, former US president Joe Biden announced he would pull American troops out of the country by the end of August 2021.

Facing mounting attacks from militants, the US began evacuating its nationals, triggering similar moves among Western allies, including France.

The turn of events sent shockwaves throughout Afghanistan and threw into question the future of Western involvement there on logistical and diplomatic levels.

Vivid memories

The memory of the Taliban takeover and the sudden exit by Western countries is still vivid four years on, particularly for those involved in the dramatic evacuations at Kabul airport. 

Their stories have been brought to the screen by French film director Martin Bourboulon in 13 jours, 13 nuits (“13 days, 13 nights”), which was screened as part of the official selection at the 2025 Cannes Film Festival.

The film is based on the book 13 jours, 13 nuits dans l’enfer de Kabul (“13 days, 13 nights in the hell of Kabul”), in which Mohamed Bida tells of his experience as the head of security, responsible for evacuating the French embassy.

As the last Western embassy to remain open in the country in August 2021, France was unprepared for the last-minute rush of people who arrived at its headquarters in Kabul, seeking refuge.

France, US have a ‘moral duty’ to help those in danger to leave Afghanistan

“The gate weighed 20 tonnes and we would only open it a little bit to let a few authorised individuals through, one at a time,” Bida recalls.

When a nearby explosion caused panic, he saw people – mainly women and children – at risk of getting trampled as they pushed at the gate.

“I phoned the ambassador to warn him a tragedy was about to unfold on our doorstep and he ordered me to open the gate to prevent it. About 500 people came in, and we sheltered them in our gymnasium.”

‘Moral responsibility’

Bida’s eyewitness account also tells of having to negotiate with the Taliban for the safe passage of a convoy of buses carrying civilians from the embassy to the airport.

He says he didn’t write the book to be seen as “the hero”, but rather as an ordinary man faced with an extraordinary situation.

Director Martin Bourboulon agreed that the film needed to be “rooted in reality,” without any exaggeration or invention around the events.

“The film’s main strength is that it’s a tale of collective heroism, diplomatic courage and moral responsibility,” he told RFI, adding that the film crew consulted hundreds of testimonials to recreate the scenes.

The French military evacuation, Operation Apagan, lasted for two weeks and saw nearly 3,000 people flown through Middle Eastern airbases.

More than 200,000 people were evacuated by the US, in what Biden described as “the largest, most difficult airlifts in history”.

Gender apartheid

Despite the Taliban’s assurances of a more tolerant and open brand of rule upon their return, many Afghans feared a repeat of their initial stint in power from 1996-2001, which was infamous for the treatment of girls and women, as well as a brutal justice system.

Over the past four years, women have become increasingly isolated – removed from public life by the Taliban authorities, who have banned them from universities, public parks and gyms, in what the United Nations has called a “gender apartheid“.

Since September 2021, girls in Afghanistan have been barred from education beyond primary level. Women have also been pushed out of public sector jobs and are forbidden to work with foreign NGOs and the UN.

In July 2023, the Taliban ordered that all hair and beauty salons – a source of income for many women – be closed down.

Women must cover themselves from head to toe outside their homes and are barred from raising their voices in public, and from travelling without a male relative. They are forbidden to look directly at men they are not related to.

A window into the hidden lives of Afghan women cut off from society

Forced returns

The UN says the human rights situation in 2025 is worse than ever, and has been compounded by a growing problem – that of forced returns of exiled Afghans.

Millions of Afghans who fled the country throughout decades of successive wars are now facing hardened immigration measures from neighbouring countries.

Pakistan renewed a deportation drive in April, after first launching it in 2023. It has rescinded hundreds of thousands of residence permits for Afghans, threatening to arrest anyone who did not leave.

The government has labelled Afghans “terrorists and criminals”, but analysts say the expulsions are designed to pressure Taliban authorities to control militancy in the border regions.

More than 2.1 million Afghans have returned from Pakistan and Iran so far this year, according to the UN refugee agency, and many more are expected.

Their return is adding pressure in an economy already brought to its knees due to foreign aid cuts, and many have faced reprisals by the Taliban authorities.

In a report published in July, based on interviews with victims, the UN said that Taliban authorities were committing human rights violations against Afghans returned from Pakistan and Iran, including torture and arbitrary detention.

France evacuates Afghan women over fears of becoming targets for Taliban

It said violations had been committed against Afghans “based on their specific profile”, including women, media workers and members of civil society, as well as those affiliated with the former foreign-backed government that fell in 2021.

The Taliban government rejected the findings, accusing the UN of spreading “propaganda”.

“The people cited in this report may have been inaccurate, may be opposed to the system, or may want to spread propaganda or rumours and are therefore using the UNAMA for this purpose,” Taliban spokesman Zabihullah Mujahid told French news agency AFP.

The leaders of Armenia and Azerbaijan, two Caucasian countries embroiled in a territorial conflict since the fall of the USSR, met Friday and signed a peace treaty under the watch of US President Donald Trump.

In Yerevan, however, few of the people asked by AFP were enthusiastic.

‘Acceptable’

“It’s a good thing that this document was signed because Armenia has no other choice,” said Asatur Srapyan, an 81-year-old retiree.

He believes Armenia hasn’t achieved much with this draft agreement, but it’s a step in the right direction.

“We are very few in number, we don’t have a powerful army, we don’t have a powerful ally behind us, unlike Azerbaijan,” he said. “This accord is a good opportunity for peace.”

Maro Huneyan, a 31-year-old aspiring diplomat, also considers the pact “acceptable”, provided it does not contradict her country’s constitution.

“If Azerbaijan respects all the agreements, it’s very important for us. But I’m not sure it will keep its promises and respect the points of the agreement,” she added.

Armenians warn ethnic cleansing risks being forgotten – again

‘Endless concessions’

But Anahit Eylasyan, 69, opposes the agreement and, more specifically, the plan to create a transit zone crossing Armenia to connect the Nakhchivan region to the rest of Azerbaijan.

“We are effectively losing control of our territory. It’s as if, in my own apartment, I had to ask a stranger if I could go from one room to another,” she explains.

She also hopes not to see Russia, an ally of Armenia despite recent tensions, expelled from the region.”

Anahit also criticises Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan for “making decisions for everyone” and for his “endless concessions to Azerbaijan”.

“We got nothing in exchange, not our prisoners, nor our occupied lands, nothing. It’s just a piece of paper to us,” she fumes.

Shavarsh Hovhannisyan, a 68-year-old construction engineer, agrees, saying the agreement “is just an administrative formality that brings nothing to Armenia.”

“We can’t trust Azerbaijan,” Hovhannisyan asserted, while accusing Pashinyan of having “turned his back” on Russia and Iran.

“It’s more of a surrender document than a peace treaty, while Trump only thinks about his image, the Nobel Prize.”

Azerbaijan flexes its muscles amid rising tensions with Russia

‘More stability… in the short term’

According to President Trump, Armenia and Azerbaijan have committed “to stop all fighting forever; open up commerce, travel and diplomatic relations; and respect each other’s sovereignty and territorial integrity.”

For Olesya Vartanyan, an independent researcher specialising in the Caucasus, the Washington agreement “certainly brings greater stability and more guarantees for the months, if not years, to come.”

But given the long-lasting tensions between Armenia and Azerbaijan, “I fear that we will have to plan only for the very short term,” she said.

 (AFP)

The catastrophe in Gaza shows no sign of ending. Under relentless bombardment and gripped by hunger, the territory is close to collapse. Amid the devastation, humanitarian workers – most of them ordinary civilians – fight each day to stay alive.

RFI spoke with Riyad, a Palestinian from Gaza City and a member of the NGO Secours Islamique France (SIF), which provides emergency aid and long-term support in crisis zones.

RFI: What is the situation in Gaza City since Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu announced that he was taking control?

Riyad: The little aid entering Gaza is nowhere near enough. Gaza City has nearly one million residents, most displaced to the west – crammed into just 10 to 15 percent of the city’s territory. The rest has been emptied, declared red zones, and is now under Israeli army control.

Since Netanyahu’s announcement, we have been bracing for a new evacuation order and another complete cut-off. We are looking for safe places, but even the Mawasi area (a narrow coastal strip in southern Gaza designated as a humanitarian zone) is already overcrowded. There is no more space. We hope for a solution, but we must prepare for the worst.

Macron warns Israel that Gaza occupation plan risks ‘war without end’

RFI: Tell us about the shortages of medicine, food and water?

Riyad: It is now harder to find medicine than food. Nothing reaches the hospitals, many of which have been destroyed. Medical centres are overwhelmed with the wounded and malnourished, from north to south. Doctors and nurses cannot treat everyone – there are shortages of medicines, equipment and even staff.

Food is also scarce since the closure of the truck crossings. The media talk about aid entering Gaza, but it is desperately insufficient. This is the worst humanitarian crisis in our history. Sometimes we go two days or more without eating. When aid does arrive, more than 90 percent is seized by desperate, hungry people. Many risk their lives to reach these deliveries, knowing they may never return.

My own family has never received aid. Food in markets is exorbitantly priced. Two weeks ago, I paid €50 for a kilo of flour. Sometimes we find tins of chickpeas – expensive, but better than nothing. People are dying from hunger and malnutrition: more than 200 so far, half of them children. There is no milk for babies, no vitamins, nothing that could save Gaza’s children.

Water is no better. The main supply line was bombed a month ago. Those with solar panels keep some neighbourhood wells running, but drinking water still comes from tanker trucks. Every day, we queue for over an hour with small tanks. This is our daily routine.

Israeli plan for Gaza takeover must be halted immediately: UN rights chief

RFI: Can SIF work on the ground in such conditions?

Riyad: Despite closures and soaring prices, our duty at SIF is to support the most vulnerable in Gaza, including the displaced. Fresh vegetables are scarce, but we try to harvest and distribute what we can. Two weeks ago, we managed to deliver nearly 5,000 parcels of vegetables and hot meals, plus a little rice – despite its high price. If more aid could enter, we would expand our work. We also sponsor almost 6,000 orphaned children across the Gaza Strip.

RFI: Are you free to do your work?

Riyad: The problems are constant – logistical, security and those imposed by the Israeli army. Some media do not report the reality. In the past two weeks, only 112 trucks entered Gaza, compared to 8,400 that were supposed to. Ninety percent of those were attacked and looted. None reached the official UNRWA or World Food Programme warehouses.

RFI: Do the people still have hope?

Riyad: Everyone here feels desperate because of the international silence. We appreciate speeches, but words are not enough. We need real pressure to end this war and this catastrophe. We are waiting for the international community to say stop to the massacre.  

Netanyahu’s decision shows he does not want to stop. People will be pushed further south, then expelled to other countries. This will destroy the Palestinian cause – and the population.

I feel destroyed inside, but I try not to show it. We have to be strong for our families and our community. We are fighting against suffering and death. It is a fight for life.

(Adaped from this interview in French by RFI’s Anne Bernas)

Earlier this month, the leaders of Italy, Turkey and Libya’s Government of National Accord (GNA) met in a tripartite summit – the latest sign of growing cooperation between the three Mediterranean nations.

“Turkey and Italy have both differing interests, but interests in Libya,” explains international relations professor Huseyin Bagcı of Ankara’s Middle East Technical University.

“Particularly, the migration issue and illegal human trafficking are big problems for Italy, and most of the people are coming from there [Libya], so they try to prevent the flow of migrants.

“But for Turkey, it’s more economic. And Libya is very much interested in keeping the relations with both countries.”

Turkey and Italy consider teaming up to seek new influence in Africa

Migration, legitimacy concerns

Turkey is the main backer of Libya’s GNA and still provides military assistance, which was decisive in defeating the rival eastern-based forces led by strongman Khalifa Haftar. An uneasy ceasefire holds between the two sides.

Libya security analyst Aya Burweilla said Turkey is seeking Italy’s support to legitimise the Tripoli government, as questions grow over its democratic record.

“What it means for the Tripoli regime is very positive. This is a regime that has dodged elections for years,” she says.

“Their job was to have democratic elections, and one of their ways to make sure they stay in power was to get foreign sponsors, like Turkey… Now, with this rubber stamp from Meloni in Italy, they can keep the status quo going at the expense of Libyans.”

Years of civil war and political chaos have turned Libya into a major hub for people smugglers. Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni, elected on a pledge to curb irregular migration, sees stability in Libya as key to that goal.

“The migration issue has become very, very urgent in general for Europe, but of course for Italy too,” says Alessia Chiriatti of the Institute of International Affairs, a think tank in Rome.

Trump and Erdogan grow closer as cooperation on Syria deepens

Mediterranean ambitions

Chiriatti said Meloni’s partnership with Turkey in Libya also reflects broader foreign policy goals.

“There is another dimension – I think it’s directly related to the fact that Italy and Meloni’s government want to play a different role in foreign policy in the Mediterranean space,” she says.

“Italy is starting to see Africa as a possible partner to invest in … But what is important is that Italy is starting to see itself as a new player, both in the Mediterranean space and in Africa, so in this sense, it could have important cooperation with Turkey.”

She points out that both Italy and Turkey share a colonial past in Libya. That legacy, combined with the lure of Libya’s vast energy reserves, continues to shape their diplomacy.

Ending the split between Libya’s rival governments is seen as vital for stability. Moscow’s reduced military support for Haftar, as it focuses on its war in Ukraine, is viewed in Ankara as an opening.

“Russia is nearly out, and what remains are Turkey and Italy,” says Bagcı.

He added that Ankara is making overtures to the eastern authorities through Haftar’s son Saddam, a senior figure in the Libyan military.

“The son of Haftar is coming very often to Ankara, making talks. It’s an indication of potential changes… But how the deal will look like I don’t know, we will see later. But it’s an indication of potential cooperation, definitely.”

Turkey steps into EU defence plans as bloc eyes independence from US

Shifting alliances

Libya was discussed when Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan met Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi in Cairo on Saturday.

Sisi backs Haftar’s eastern government. Libya had been a source of tension between Turkey and Egypt, but with relations thawing, both say they will work together on the country’s future.

Turkey’s position in Libya is strengthening, says Burweilla.

“Saddam is pro-Turkey – there is a huge difference between son and father – and the younger generation is pro-Turkey,” she says.

Such support, Burweilla said, stems from Ankara allowing Libyans to seek sanctuary in Turkey from fighting in 2011, when NATO forces led by France and the United Kingdom militarily intervened against Muammar Gaddafi’s regime.

“I think the Europeans underestimated the political capital that gave Turkey. Turkey is winning the game in Libya,” Burweilla says.

She adds that Ankara’s rising influence is also due to a shift in tactics towards the east.

“What they [Ankara] realised was that you can’t conquer the east of Libya by force; they tried and they failed. And the Turkish regime is very much motivated by business… They don’t care about anything else, and they’ve realised they want to make a business,” Burweilla says.

They’ve reached out more to the east, and the east, in turn, has realised that if they don’t want to be attacked by Turkey and its mercenaries, they need to make peace with Turkey as well.”

Djokovic, who has teamed up with fellow Serb Olga Danilovic, will take on the all-Russian pair of Andreeva and Daniil Medvedev.

Frenchman Monfils will play with the Japanese former world number one Osaka against Caty McNally and Lorenzo Musetti and the top seeds Jack Draper and Jessica Pegula will face Alcaraz and Emma Raducanu. 

World number one Jannik Sinner who was due to link up with Katerina Siniakova, pulled out on Tuesday after he retired from the Cincinnati Masters final on Monday night due to illness. 

Second seeds Taylor Fritz and Elena Rybakina will try to oust defending champions Sara Errani and Andrea Vavassori who, as the only specialist doubles pair, received a wildcard – invitation – to play in the event because of their low rankings as singles players.

Errani and Vavassori hit out at what they called a profound injustice for their doubles circuit contemporaries when US Open bosses announced the reconfiguration of the mixed doubles in February.

“It is a pseudo-exhibition focused only on entertainment and show,” they said.

“Making decisions just following the logic of profit is profoundly wrong in some situations.”

‘History and tradition’

A mixed doubles tournament has been held at the US Open since 1887. During the 1960s and 1970s eminent singles players such as Billie Jean King, Margaret Court, John McEnroe and Ilie Nastase took part in the event.

Thirty-two teams have competed over five rounds for the crown since 1973. But as the strains of singles tournaments have increased, fewer major stars have played and the tournament has become the arena for the  circuit’s doubles technicians.

For the 2025 iteration, the field will be cut to 16 teams and played over two days during the qualifying rounds for the men’s and women’s singles tournaments on the two main show courts of Arthur Ashe Stadium and Louis Armstrong Stadium.

US Open organisers also tweaked the rules.

To notch up a set, a team must win four games instead of six by a two-game difference. And to claim a game, a deciding point will be played at deuce (three points each) instead of via the “advantage point” whereby if both players are at deuce, they can only seal the game from “advantage”.

Tiebreaks will be contested at 4-4 instead of 6-6. Third sets will continue to be decided by a 10-point match tiebreak – a system that has been deployed in the mixed doubles at the US Open since 2003.

For the final, though, the number of games needed to pocket each set will revert to six with a two-game difference. If necessary, a 10-point match tiebreak will operate as the third set.

Big names

In February, Lew Sherr, the US Tennis Association’s then chief executive, justified the innovation. “The rescheduling will enable more fans worldwide to enjoy the thrill of watching their favourite stars compete for this coveted title,” he insisted.

“The way to do that is to have the biggest names in the sport participating in doubles, and to showcase them teaming up and playing in a different format we think is exciting.”

His projections appear to have been borne out with 21 of the 32 players in the mixed doubles draw in the singles top 20.

But the overhaul came under fire from one of the players denied a payday at a tournament that will offer record €77 million prize money in 2025.

Ellen Perez, who has reached the last eight in the mixed doubles at all four Grand Slam tournament venues in Melbourne, Paris, London and New York, lambasted the change.

“Tell us that you think doubles players are trash, that tradition is overrated, and job opportunity is a thing of the past without actually saying it,” railed the 29-year-old Australian on social media.

Polish doubles specialist Jan Zielinski echoed her fury. The 28-year-old claimed the Australian Open and Wimbledon mixed doubles crowns in 2024 with Hsieh Su-wei but was not among the guests when an initial entry list was published in June.

“I guess winning two grand slams in mixed doubles in one year is not enough to get an invitation to US Open ‘exhibition’ event,” he said on social media.

Making it fair

“Thanks for taking away the opportunity to compete and making it fair to everyone.”

Third seeds Casper Ruud and Iga Swiatek will take on home town duo Madison Keys and Frances Tiafoe while fourth seeds Amanda Anisimova and Holger Rune will open against the second all-American pair in the shape of Ben Shelton and and Taylor Townsend.

The third set of locals – Reilly Opelka and Venus Williams – will start their campaign with a match against Karolina Muchova and Andrey Rublev.

The quarter-final ties will also be played on Tuesday with the semi and final taking place on Wednesday.

Last year, Errani and Vavassori each took home $100,000 for their efforts over five rounds at the Billie Jean King Tennis Centre at Flushing Meadows.

Should they emerge victorious this year after four matches, they will pocket $500,000 each.

Swiatek beat Paolini for the sixth consecutive time on the WTA tour to win her second trophy of the season following her success at Wimbledon in July.

In a see-saw first set, Paolini raced into a 3-0 lead before Swiatek surged back to give herself the chance to serve for the set at 5-3.

But she fluffed her lines to claim the opener and Paolini eventually levelled at 5-5.

Swiatek pushed again to take the set 7-5 after 56 minutes. The 24-year-old Pole edged the second set 6-4 to brandish her 24th career singles title a day before she pairs up Casper Ruud for the mixed doubles event at the US Open on Tuesday.

Sinner’s participation in the mixed doubles was uncertain on Tuesday after he retired from his final with Alcaraz due to illness.

Alcaraz, who lost to Sinner in the Wimbledon final in July a few weeks after beating him in an epic showdown at the French Open in Paris, swept into a 5-0 lead against a visibly compromised opponent.

During the trophy ceremony on centre court at the Lindner Family Tennis Centre, Sinner turned to the spectators and said: “Usually I start with the opponent but I have to start with you guys.

“I’m super super sorry to disappoint you. From yesterday I didn’t feel great. I thought I would improve during the night. It came up worse.”

Victory in 23 minutes

Alcaraz’s victory in 23 minutes furnished the 23-year-old Spaniard with his first title at the Cincinnati Masters and his third success in 2025 at a Masters 1000 event which are considered the most prestigious crowns on the international tennis circuit after the four Grand Slam tournaments in Melbourne, Paris, London and New York.

“I know and understand how you can feel right now,” said Alcaraz to Sinner. “I can’t say anything you don’t know already, but as I say many times you are truly a champion.

“I’m pretty sure from this situation you’re going to come back stronger. You always do. That’s what true champions do. You really are one. Sorry and come back stronger.”

Later Sinner confirmed he would appear at the US Open for the men’s singles which start on Sunday to defend his title – though he declined to comment on whether he would play with Katerina Siniakova in the mixed doubles tournament, which begins on Tuesday.

“I love Grand Slams a lot. They are the main tournaments for my season and my career,” Sinner said in a statement.

“The US Open is going to be a tough tournament, but in the same time, I’m looking forward to it if I’m ready, physically and mentally.

“I will be ready to push … now a couple of days of recovery, and then we get again back to work, and hopefully we’ll be ready.”

France has voiced its “dismay” at Russia’s decision to outlaw the press freedom NGO Reporters Without Borders (RSF).  

The French Foreign Ministry said on Monday that the move formed part of a broader campaign of repression against critical voices, carried out in “flagrant disregard for freedom of expression and press freedom.”

Paris also renewed its call for the “immediate and unconditional release of all those prosecuted for political reasons” and urged Russia to honour its international commitments on the right to information and free access to news.

Russian journalist exiled in Paris has ‘no regrets’ over criticising Ukraine war

‘Undesirable organisations’

On 14 August, Russia’s Ministry of Justice announced that RSF had been added to its list of so-called undesirable organisations.

The designation effectively bans the group’s activities inside Russia, placing staff, supporters and funders at risk of prosecution and possible prison sentences.

The Paris-based NGO, campaigns globally for press freedom, documenting violations and providing practical support to journalists working in hostile environments. 

In Russia, the group has consistently denounced attacks on independent reporting, censorship, and the targeting of reporters who investigate sensitive topics such as corruption, abuses of power and the war in Ukraine.

Global decline in freedom of expression over last decade, watchdog warns

Decade-long clampdown

This is not the first time Moscow has sought to muzzle international organisations. Over the past decade, Russian authorities have tightened restrictions on foreign NGOs through laws branding them as “foreign agents” or “undesirable.”

Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, and Memorial – one of Russia’s most prominent human rights groups – have all faced severe curbs or outright bans.

Such measures typically criminalise normal organisational activity, exposing staff and even supporters to fines or prison terms, and are widely seen as part of a strategy to isolate Russian society from international scrutiny.

The clampdown has grown sharper since Russia launched its full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022.

RSF has pledged to continue its work despite the ban, insisting that it will not abandon the Russian journalists it supports.

The regulation, adopted in 2023 as a key pillar of the European Green Deal, is part of the European Union’s drive to reduce imports of critical raw materials, such as lithium and cobalt and instead use its own, whether from new mines or recuperated from old devices.

Implemented in stages, the regulation requires as of Monday manufacturers to finance the recycling of electric batteries, which will ensure that their critical metals can be reused.

Until now, only small batteries up to 5kg were covered by the rules; now all batteries are concerned – from tiny watch batteries, to those in smartphones, electric scooters and electric cars and buses. 

Beyond the costs to companies required to finance the recycling, the impact will be felt by battery recycling companies, which will see a massive increase in the amount of material to be treated – from about 30,000 tonnes to 600,000 tonnes

Every year, one and a half billion new batteries are placed on the European market. Recycling them is an environmental issue, but also one of economic sovereignty.

Will lithium become the oil of the 21st century?

Europe lagging

“There is a desire to keep strategic metals in France and Europe,” Emmanuel Toussaint Dauvergne, director of Batribox, a French organisation that collects used batteries, told RFI.

“If the French government wants to promote batteries, it must be able to produce them or have them produced in Europe. To do this, it must be able to own the metals essential to their design. It is important that there be coordination of the flow so that they remain on European territory and can be used by battery manufacturers.”

European legislation requires a quarter of critical metals to come from recycled materials in Europe by 2030.

And yet, Europe lags behind the rest of the world in battery manufacturing, so most critical metals are currently being sent mainly to China for processing.

But there is time for the system to catch up, as recently-imported batteries will only be recyclable in ten or fifteen years’ time, giving time to adjust.

New Caledonia is once again at a political turning point.

The Kanak Socialist National Liberation Front (FLNKS) voted on 9 August to reject outright the Bougival agreement – a French plan signed last month to give the territory its own nationality and some powers, but no new independence referendum, which had been hailed as a potential breakthrough.

The FLNKS is calling instead for a new “Kanaky agreement” and elections this November.

Valls will fly to the Pacific archipelago this week, tasked with navigating a fraught political landscape and seeking an opportunity to restart dialogue.

The agreement, signed in mid-July in the Bougival suburb of Paris, had been presented as a historic step for the Pacific territory.

It proposed the creation of a New Caledonian nationality and envisaged the transfer of key sovereign powers to the territory, including over currency, justice and policing.

New Caledonia independence bloc rejects deal giving powers but no referendum

It was also the first concrete move towards a fresh constitutional settlement after years of tension following the 1998 Nouméa Accord.

Under that deal, France had pledged to steadily hand more political power to New Caledonia and its indigenous Kanak people, setting the stage for two decades of greater self-government.

But after an internal review, the FLNKS rejected the Bougival deal, with Dominique Fochi, secretary-general of the Caledonian Union, saying it clashed with the “foundations and achievements” of their struggle for independence.

FLNKS president Christian Tein described the accord as rushed and “humiliating” for the Kanak people, claiming the negotiators in Paris had no proper mandate.

This rejection has left the Bougival text in limbo, as no settlement is possible without the FLNKS on board.

‘The door remains open’

Valls had already announced plans to visit New Caledonia during the week of 18 August prior to the FLNKS’s formal withdrawal from the deal. 

In a social media post, he called the Bougival accord “an extraordinary and historic opportunity” but stressed that his “door remains open” in terms of understanding the reasons behind its rejection.

The challenge for Valls will be to break a political deadlock.

Relations between pro and anti-independence camps had shown tentative improvement in recent months – evidenced by a rare handshake between Loyalist MP Nicolas Metzdorf and independence leader Emmanuel Tjibaou in Bougival – but that goodwill has now all but evaporated.

Independence party walks away from French deal on New Caledonia

Election demands

The independence movement has made its conditions for talks clear.

It wants provincial elections to be held in November 2025, arguing that fresh mandates are needed to establish the legitimacy of both camps.

These elections were originally scheduled for May 2024, but were postponed twice due to last year’s deadly riots.

The Bougival agreement would have delayed them further, to mid-2026 – a move Valls and New Caledonia’s loyalists support, but which the FLNKS rejects outright.

The independence coalition is also demanding a new “Kanaky agreement”, to be signed on New Caledonia Day this year – 24 September. This agreement which would set a roadmap for New Caledonia to achieve “full sovereignty” before France’s 2027 presidential election.

It also insists that talks be held under the supervision of Tein, despite his ongoing legal troubles related to his arrest in 2024, when he was accused of instigating violence during the riots.

Loyalist counter-measures

The Loyalists – the coalition against independence – meanwhile, are working to keep the Bougival process alive, even without the FLNKS.

They’ve proposed an editorial committee to draft a legal framework for the accord, as well as an ad-hoc technical group including any independence supporters still on board.

The aim is to maintain momentum and isolate FLNKS hardliners.

Metzdorf has highlighted that two moderate independence parties – Palika and the Progressive Union of Melanesia – have already left the FLNKS, reducing its breadth of representation.

The pro-French bloc argues that the Bougival agreement remains the best way to secure political stability, warning that FLNKS demands amount to “blackmail” and could trigger more violence.

French deal on New Caledonia ‘state’ hits early criticism

Legal backdrop

The Nouméa Accord – the 1998 deal governing New Caledonia’s gradual decolonisation – states that until a new agreement is reached, its provisions remain in place.

It states that provincial elections must be held every five years, with November 2025 the next deadline. This could bring the election timetable closer to the FLNKS’s preference, but without their preferred early sovereignty clause.

Macron meets New Caledonian leaders to discuss future after riots

The scars of the 2024 riots, sparked by changes to the electoral roll, remain on both sides. 

Loyalists fear a repeat if talks collapse again, particularly if hardliners ramp up street pressure.

While for their part, independence supporters argue that the Bougival agreement’s delays and partial transfer of power risk entrenching the status quo indefinitely.

“Do I think President Putin wants peace? If you want my honest opinion, no. He wants the capitulation of Ukraine, that’s what he proposed,” Macron said about Russia’s President Vladimir Putin, who met with Trump in Anchorage, Alaska, on Friday.

Following a videoconference meeting with other European leaders Sunday to coordinate their position before the meeting in Washington Monday, Macron said that a “robust, lasting peace” would respect Ukraine’s “sovereignty and territorial integrity”, while Trump appears to be seeking just an end to fighting between Russia and Ukraine.

Any possible peace agreement must include security guarantees for Ukraine Macron said, to deter Russia from attacking again, and pushing farther into Europe.

“The security of Europeans and France is at stake,” he said, speaking from his summer residence at Fort de Brégançon in south-east France.

Macron and other leaders will accompany Zelensky to “present a united front between Europeans and Ukrainians”, he said, and ask the United States “to what extent” they are prepared to contribute to the security guarantees for Ukraine.

Macron was cautious about a suggestion that the US could contribute to a security guarantee that resembles Nato’s defence mandate

Sunday evening, Trump’s special envoy Steve Witkoff told US broadcaster CNN that the US “is potentially prepared to be able to give Article 5 security guarantees, but not from Nato – directly from the United States and other European countries.”

“I believe that a theoretical article is not enough,” said Macron. “The question is one of substance.”

(with AFP)

The protests come more than a week after Israel’s security cabinet approved plans to capture Gaza City, following 22 months of war that have created dire humanitarian conditions in the Palestinian territory.

The war was triggered by Palestinian militant group Hamas’s 7 October 2023 attack on Israel, during which 251 people were taken hostage.

Forty-nine captives remain in Gaza, including 27 the Israeli military says are dead.

A huge Israeli flag covered with portraits of the remaining captives was unfurled in Tel Aviv’s so-called Hostage Square — which has long been a focal point for protests throughout the war.

Demonstrators also blocked roads, including the highway connecting Tel Aviv and Jerusalem where they set tires on fire, according to local media footage.

Israeli police said more than 30 protesters were arrested for disturbing public order.

Organisers also called for a general strike on Sunday — the first day of the week in Israel.

France condemns israel’s west bank settlement plan as serious breach of international law

“I think it’s time to end the war. It’s time to release all of the hostages. And it’s time to help Israel recover and move towards a more stable Middle East,” said Doron Wilfand, a 54-year-old tour guide, at a rally in Jerusalem.

Nentanyahu slammed the protesters, saying their actions “not only harden Hamas’s position and draw out the release of our hostages, but also ensure that the horrors of 7 October will reoccur”.

‘Shut down the country’

The Hostages and Missing Families Forum campaign group said in a statement that protesters would “shut down the country today (Sunday) with one clear call: Bring back the 50 hostages, end the war”.

Their toll includes a soldier killed in a 2014 war whose remains are held by Hamas.

Recent videos released by Hamas and its ally Islamic Jihad showing two weak and emaciated captives have heightened concern for the fate of the hostages.

“If we don’t bring them back now — we will lose them forever,” the forum said.

Egypt said in recent days mediators were leading a renewed push to secure a 60-day truce that would include hostage release, after the last round of talks in Qatar had ended without a breakthrough.

Some Israeli government members who oppose any deal with Hamas slammed Sunday’s demonstrations.

Israel’s far-right Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich decried “a perverse and harmful campaign that plays into the hands of Hamas” and calls for “surrender”.

Culture Minister Miki Zohar, of Netanyahu’s Likud party, said on X that blocking roads and disrupting daily life was “a reward to the enemy”.

Benny Gantz, an opposition leader, condemned the government “attacking the families of the hostages” while “bearing responsibility for the captivity of their children by Hamas for nearly two years”.

AFPTV footage showed protesters at a rally in Beeri, a kibbutz near the Gaza border that was one of the hardest-hit communities in the Hamas attack, and Israeli media reported protests in numerous locations across the country.

Famine warnings

The Israeli plans to expand the war into Gaza City and nearby refugee camps have sparked an international outcry as well as domestic opposition.

Israel’s Army Radio reported on Sunday that military chief Eyal Zamir was due to review the “plans to conquer Gaza City” in a meeting later in the day.

Defining famine: the complex process behind Gaza’s hunger crisis

According to the report, residents would be evacuated before troops encircle the city and finally seize it, beginning “in the coming weeks”.

Tens of thousands of reserve soldiers would be called up for the mission, the report added.

Israel on Saturday said it was preparing “to move the population from combat zones to the southern Gaza Strip for their protection”.

UN-backed experts have warned of widespread famine unfolding in the territory, where Israel has drastically curtailed the amount of humanitarian aid it allows in.

Gaza’s civil defence agency said Israeli fire on Sunday killed at least seven Palestinians waiting to collect food aid near two sites.

Hamas’s October 2023 attack on Israel resulted in the deaths of 1,219 people, mostly civilians, according to an AFP tally based on official figures.

Israel’s offensive has killed more than 61,944 Palestinians, most of them civilians, according to figures from the health ministry in Hamas-run Gaza which the United Nations considers reliable.

(With newswires)

During the Paralympic Games last August and September, French Para athletes won 75 medals including 19 golds to register the best haul at the Paralympics since the 86 prizes harvested at the 2000 Paralympics in Sydney.

A delegation of Para athletes will go to the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium aiming to emulate that flourish of medals gathered in front of adoring partisans at venues around Paris.

However, at the Handisport Open de Paris (HOP) in June, one of the last major meetings before New Delhi, Timothée Adolphe, a silver medallist in Paris in the 100m T11 for visually impaired athletes, sounded a warning.

Though the 35-year-old won the race in 11.30 seconds, a problem with the starting block at the Stade Charléty in southern Paris, caused his guide, Charles Renard, to slip.

“Eight months ago, we had the Paralympic Games and everything was new for the Games,” Adolphe told RFI. “But now we’re back to amateurism.

“We could have set a great time,” Adolphe rued after registering his best performance of the season.

“Frankly, I’m disgusted. The blocks on the warm-up track are almost better than those on the competition track.”

Disappointment since Paralympics

The lament resounds into the nooks and crannies of the French sporting landscape. In January, the Prime Minister, François Bayrou, announced that the sport budget would be slashed from €1.7 billion to €1.4bn, as part of general cutbacks in public spending.

As France’s sports budget faces cuts, are Olympic promises being broken?

A petition signed by 400 leading athletes hit out at the plans. In a statement to sports newspaper L’Equipe President Emmanuel Macron said that he agreed with the athletes.

“Since 2017, I have ensured that the sports budget has increased every year,” he added. ‘We must keep our commitments and provide the necessary resources for our athletes so that the legacy of the Games benefits everyone.”

Change of tack

In June, the government came under further attack when it announced changes to the Pass Sport scheme, established in 2021 under Macron’s aegis to help children from low-income families join sports clubs. 

Nearly 1.7 million youngsters between six and 17 were benefitting from the €50 payment when Sports Minister Marie Barsacq outlined the amendments.

Under the new system, which is set to start in September, only young people aged 14 to 17 whose families receive the means-tested ARS back-to-school allowance, will receive €70.

How exoskeleton suits are breaking barriers for athletes with disabilities

Children and teenagers between six and 19 with disabilities, whose guardians get the AEEH disabled child education allowance will also be able eligible for the €70, as will young people aged 16 to 30 who receive the AAH disabled adult allowance.

Students under the age of 28 who receive CROUS university scholarships and bursaries will also be allowed to claim the cash.

“At the age of 14, nearly one in five secondary school students does not participate in regular sports activities, mainly due to cost constraints,” said Barsacq. “Pass Sport is an essential tool for overcoming this obstacle.”

All levels feel pinch

Cost is also hitting athletes at the higher level, said veteran long jumper Dimitri Pavadé.

The 35-year-old, who has been competing for France for nearly a decade, said that it is becoming increasingly difficult to benefit from training camps.

“I’ve never experienced anything like this before,” the 2020 Paralympics silver medallist told RFI.

“There are young people coming in who are forced to pay the full price for their training camp even though they don’t necessarily have any financial support, they’re students and are just starting to work. It’s very complicated.”

But with less money coming in from the government and firms cutting back on their marketing and sponsorship budgets, sports administrators face a battle to support talented individuals.

Arnaud Litou, Paralympic performance manager at the National Sports Agency, told RFI: “For athletes with medal potential, we are committed to ensuring a minimum annual income of €40,000 gross per year, which requires us to seek out partners or use state funds to ensure that this threshold is reached.

“That’s the whole process we have to go through to get there, where we have to support athletes according to their level of practice and their needs as well.””

Paralympics legacy spurs push for inclusive sports in Paris

The private sector has to play its part too, Gaël Rivière, boss of the French Handisport Federation told RFI.

“They will find it worth their while,” added the 35-year-old who took over last December from Guislaine Westelynck after featuring in the squad that won gold in the blind football at the 2024 Paralympics.

“What we say in general terms is that Para sport conveys values and messages. There are many wonderful stories to tell and support.

“We continue to appeal to our partners, telling them: ‘Don’t stop the efforts, thinking that you can come back a year or two before the Games.

“If we want to reap the rewards of our work tomorrow, we have to start now.”

The Team Visma – Lease a Bike rider suggested one Tour was enough this year after putting herself through a gruelling training regime to prepare for the nine-stage race.

Her sacrifices paid off in front of home fans. The 33-year-old, who had faced criticism over her lean frame, dominated the final two days to claim the race on 3 August and confirm her place as one of the biggest stars of her generation.

A year after winning Olympic gold in mountain biking and a few months after taking the Paris–Roubaix, she claimed cycling’s most prestigious women’s road race at her first attempt. She became the first Frenchwoman to win the reconfigured event since it replaced the Tour de France féminine in 2022.

“I want to fight again to win it,”  Ferrand-Prévôt told reporters during a victory celebration reception at the Team Visma – Lease a Bike headquarters in Den Bosch, in the Netherlands.

Ruling out the world championships in Kigali on 27 September – the first to be held in Africa – she said: “I had to make a smart decision. 

“I also wanted to enjoy the post-tour success. If I had wanted to be in Rwanda, I would already have started preparing for it and would already be at altitude.

“But in fact, I also need to take a break, to enjoy myself so that I can be better in the years to come. It’s important to savour the moment and start preparing a little later.”

Relaxed and tanned after a holiday with family and friends, Ferrand-Prévot said she will return to competition on 30 August in Morbihan in Brittany at the Classic Lorient Agglomération.

She plans to race the six stages of the Tour de l’Ardèche from 10 September before targeting the European road championships in Drôme–Ardèche between 1 and 5 October.

National pride at Tour de France

Frenchwoman Maeva Squiban took the sixth and seventh stage of the 2025 race to send the locals wild as Kimberley Le Court Pienaar from Mauritius wore the yellow jersey of the overall race leader.

But in the mountains of south-eastern France, it turned into the Ferrand-Prévot show. 

She outwitted her rivals during the 111.9km course between Chambéry Saint-François Longchamp and Col de la Madeleine to win a stage for the first time and take the yellow jersey with a two-and-a half minute lead over Sarah Gigante.

There were no slip-ups in the dénouemont. She displayed dash and panache between Praz-sur-Arly and Châtel to cross the finish line unchallenged and enter French cycling legend.

In the afterglow of her success, Ferrand-Prévot was asked to talk to her younger self.

Time to talk

“I want to tell her that you need to believe in your dreams,” she said. “You need to work hard to make it happen – you don’t get things for free in life.

“When you work hard, it pays off. Even when you have doubts and low moments, you need to persevere and keep going. That’s what I’d say.”

After retiring from mountain biking, Ferrand-Prévot returned to road racing this season with the aim of winning the Tour de France within three years and she lost weight as part of the plan to realise her goal.

During the celebrations in Den Bosch, she again tackled the controversy over her weight. “We have chefs, we have everything,” she told journalists.

“It’s our job to be the best possible for that day. Everyone can think what they want, and everyone is able to speak loud and say what they want to say. For me, I don’t feel like I’m sick. I just prepared for the biggest race of the calendar in the best way possible.

“It’s up to the parents to educate kids and to explain. We are professional athletes, so it’s our job to be the best possible. You have to find a way to do that. The last two days of the tour were very difficult and the watts per kilogram were very important.”

Eleven years ago, Ferrand-Prévot won the road race at the world championships in Ponferrada in Spain. A world title in the mixed mountain bike relay followed.

In 2015, she amassed world titles in cyclo-cross and mountain bike cross-country to become the first cyclist to hold world crowns in all three disciplines simultaneously.

Ten years on, This year, she became the first woman to win both the Paris-Roubaix and the women’s Tour de France in the same season.

A first European championships crown would simply add another page to her legend.

The Southern African Development Community (SADC) summit gets underway in Antananarivo on Sunday, with Madagascar taking the bloc’s rotating presidency for the first time.

Leaders from 16 countries will set the course for the region’s future, discussing how to boost trade from within and cut dependence on outside partners.

The theme this year is clear: remove barriers, move goods faster and keep more value at home.

Opening the SADC Council of Ministers on Tuesday, executive secretary Elias Magosi said the region is being squeezed by higher customs tariffs, shrinking aid and political unrest abroad.

“It is becoming increasingly evident that we are more likely to succeed when we depend more on our own resources than on external support over which we have absolutely no control,” he said.

“To achieve this, we must strengthen intra-regional trade, remove trade barriers and invest in essential infrastructure.”

Southern African bloc decides to end military mission in DRC

Building up manufacturing

SADC wants manufacturing to make up 30 percent of its GDP by 2030, nearly triple today’s 11 percent. The aim is to build an economy that can keep going when the global market stumbles.

Madagascar’s Minister of Foreign Affairs, Rafaravavitafika Rasata – who chairs the Council of Ministers – said all member states need to be part of the plan.

“By combining the maritime, economic, environmental and cultural potential of the islands with the resources and agricultural and industrial power of the continental member states, we can build the autonomous and competitive SADC we want,” she said.

Southern African forces set to deploy in eastern DRC to quell M23 rebel militia

Political tensions

The summit comes at a time of political strain in Madagascar. Former presidents Marc Ravalomanana and Hery Rajaonarimampianina have criticised holding the event in Antananarivo.

In a joint statement, they accused President Andry Rajoelina’s government of presiding over a worsening political and economic climate.

They cited alleged restrictions on peaceful protests, what they called the “llack of real independence” of the electoral commission, and a situation in which 80 percent of the population live below the poverty line.

They warned that pressing ahead without tackling these issues “would undermine the credibility of the SADC”.

Rajoelina rejected their accusations, saying his predecessors were trying to discourage SADC leaders from attending. He called the summit an historic opportunity for both Madagascar and the region as the island takes the bloc’s leadership for the first time.

Made by grilling fish from the mighty River Congo wrapped in a banana-leaf parcel with spices, tomatoes, peppers, onions, garlic and chillies, liboke enjoys cult status across the central African country.

But liboke‘s inclusion in one of France’s top dictionaries has upset Congolese intellectuals, who say its compilers have failed to capture the full meaning of a word derived from the local Lingala language and closely associated with national identity.

The Petit Larousse dictionary – an encyclopaedic tome considered a foremost reference on the French language – announced in May it was including liboke in its 2026 edition.

Its definition: “a dish made from fish or meat, wrapped in banana leaves and cooked over charcoal.”

Tucking into a plate on the terrace in the city centre, civil servant Patrick Bewa said it was a “source of pride” that liboke had made it into the leading French dictionary.

“We love it, it’s really a typically African and Congolese meal,” he said. “With the smoky flavour which takes on the aroma of the leaf, it’s an inimitable taste. You have to taste it to believe it.”

But some scholars argue that the definition was compiled in Paris by the Academie Francaise (French Academy), the chief arbiter on matters pertaining to the French language, without doing justice to liboke‘s original meanings.

Bridging the French and English languages with Cotgrave’s dictionary

‘United and undivided’

Referring only to liboke as food is “very reductive”, argued Moise Edimo Lumbidi, a cultural promoter and teacher of Lingala, one of scores of languages spoken in the DRC where French remains the official language.

Under dictator Mobutu Sese Seko, whose rise to power was helped by former colonial master Belgium and whose kleptocratic rule was backed by the United States as a bulwark against Cold War communism, liboke was even part of the national slogan.

“Tolingi Zaire liboke moko, lisanga moko,” was a rallying cry, meaning: “We want a united and undivided Zaire”, the former name for the DRC during Mobutu’s 32 years in power.

“I’m not happy about restricting this precious word, so essential to our culture… liboke moko, it’s above all that communion, that national unity,” writer and former international cooperation minister Pepin Guillaume Manjolo told AFP.

From Goma to Cape Town, the young Congolese athlete pedalling for peace

“Limiting it to its culinary aspects may be all very well for the French, but for us it will not do.”

The Petit Larousse should have drawn up the definition by consulting the literary academies of the DRC and its neighbour the Republic of Congo, as the region where the word originated, he said.

AFP contacted the publishers of the Petit Larousse dictionary for comment but did not receive an immediate response.

Edimo, the language teacher, explained that in Lingala, liboke means “a little group”.

While liboke‘s inclusion in the dictionary is a good thing, Edimo said, Larousse’s compilers should “deepen their research so as to give us the true etymology of the word”.

That would be “a way for them to express their respect for our culture”, he added.

At her restaurant in Kinshasa’s upscale Gombe district, 41-year-old Mother Aembe was unaware of liboke‘s newfound literary status, but said she just hoped it would bring in more customers.

In a statement read on national television, Security Minister General Daoud Aly Mohammedine announced the arrests of what he described as a small group of marginal members of the Malian armed forces for criminal offences.

“Military personnel and civilians, with the help of foreign states, wanted to break up the rebuilding of Mali,” he said.

Mali’s ruling junta seized power in back-to-back coups in 2020 and 2021. Since then, President Assimi Goita’s administration has distanced itself from Western partners, especially former colonial power France, and strengthened political and military ties with Russia in the name of national sovereignty.

The country has faced a security crisis since 2012, driven by violence from groups linked to Al-Qaeda and the Islamic State group, along with local criminal gangs.

The Malian army and its Russian allies have been tasked with fighting these armed groups, but are regularly accused of abuses against civilians.

‘Arrest of two generals’

The junta confirmed the arrests of two generals – Néma Sagara and Abbas Dembélé. Dembélé, formerly in command in northern Mali, was later appointed governor of the central Mopti region before being dismissed recently without official explanation.

Sagara, a brigadier general in the air force staff, is one of the few women in the Malian army to have reached that rank.

On Tuesday, Mali’s civilian former prime minister Choguel Maiga and a number of his former colleagues were taken into custody as part of an investigation into claims of “misappropriation of public funds”.

Maiga, a former junta heavyweight, was appointed prime minister in 2021 before being dismissed at the end of last year after criticising the military government.

He had hit out at being excluded from decisions about the continued leadership of the generals, who had initially promised to hand power back to elected civilians in March 2024.

“Discussions are underway to clear up any misunderstanding” and obtain the “immediate release” of the French embassy employee in Bamako, the ministry said.

Mali authorities said Thursday that the French national had been arrested on suspicion of working for the French intelligence services, and accused “foreign states” of trying to destabilise the country.

The West African country’s ruling junta, which came to power after back-to-back coups in 2020 and 2021, also said that dozens of soldiers had been detained for allegedly seeking to overthrow the government.

Mali arrests French national and generals accused of foreign-backed plot

France’s foreign ministry said the arrested employee was covered by the Vienna convention on consular relations, meaning he should be released.

Impoverished Mali has been gripped by a security crisis since 2012, fuelled notably by violence from groups affiliated with Al-Qaeda and the Islamic State jihadist group, as well as local criminal gangs.

The junta, led by President Assimi Goita, has turned away from Western partners, notably former colonial power France, to align itself politically and militarily with Russia in the name of national sovereignty.

(With newswires)

The French foreign ministry insisted the so-called E1 settlement, east of Jerusalem, threatens to cut the West Bank in two, undermining prospects for Palestinian statehood.

The French foreign ministry spokesperson said France “condemns with the utmost firmness” the project and reiterated calls for Israel to halt all settlement activity, which “systematically erode the viability of a Palestinian state.”\

Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich, a far-right figure, openly boasted that the construction would make a Palestinian state impossible. The plan, expected to receive final approval later this month, has been frozen for years amid international pressure but is now moving forward.

Former Israeli ambassador and French historian urge Macron to sanction Israel

The area is critical as one of the last geographic links between the West Bank cities of Ramallah and Bethlehem; its development would force Palestinians to take long detours through numerous checkpoints, adding hours to travel.

France, along with many other countries, has strongly condemned the plans and warned the settlements contravene international law and jeopardise the prospects for peace.

The French government’s sharp criticism comes amid growing concerns over escalating tensions and violence in the West Bank and Gaza, where the Israeli-Palestinian conflict continues to deepen. France remains a strong advocate for a two-state solution, warning that settlement expansion risks making that goal impossible and fuelling further unrest in the region.

(With newswires)

The deal, brokered by US President Donald Trump, commits both countries to respect each other’s territorial integrity – the issue at the centre of bloody wars.

The agreement is seen as paving the way for Turkey to restore diplomatic ties with Armenia.

“Ankara has been promising that once there is a peace agreement, it will open the border,” says Asli Aydintasbas, of the Washington-based Brookings Institution.

“There was a brief period in the post-Soviet era when it [the border] was opened, but that was quickly shut again due to the Armenian-Azeri tensions.”

Aydintasbas says reopening the border could have wide-reaching consequences.

“Armenia and Turkey opening their border and starting trade would be a historical moment in terms of reconciliation between these two nations, which have very bitter historic memories,” she adds.

“But beyond that, it would help Armenia economically because it’s a landlocked country entirely dependent on Russia for its protection and its economy.”

Turning point

In June, Armenia’s Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan met Turkey’s President Recep Tayyip Erdogan in Istanbul. The meeting was seen as a turning point in relations long overshadowed by the memory of the 1915 Armenian Genocide, which Ankara still officially denies.

“There’s now a degree of personal chemistry between the Armenian prime minister and Erdogan. This was seen in a June historic meeting, the first ever bilateral contact, a face-to-face meeting,” says Richard Giragosian, director of the Regional Studies Centre, a think tank in Yerevan.

Turkey closed its border with Armenia in 1993 after ethnic Armenians in Azerbaijan seized the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh enclave.

The enclave was retaken by Azerbaijani forces in 2022. Giragosian says the peace deal, along with warmer ties between Pashinyan and Erdogan, could now help Yerevan reach a long-sought goal.

“In the longer perspective for Turkey and Armenia, this is about going beyond the South Caucasus. It’s about Central Asia. It’s about European markets, potentially a new Iran in the future,” he says.

Erdogan congratulated Pashinyan on Monday over the deal, but made no official pledge on reopening the border. That decision may lie with Azerbaijan’s president, Ilham Aliyev.

“They [Ankara] will be looking to Baku. Baku is basically able to tell Turkey not to move on normalisation with Armenia, not to open the border,” says Aydintasbas.

“Part of the reason is that Turkey has developed an economic dependency on Azerbaijan, which is the top investor in Turkey. In other words, little brother is calling the shots, and I think that Ankara, to an extent, does not like it, but has come to appreciate the economic benefits of its relationship with Azerbaijan.”

Azerbaijani demands on Armenia

Azerbaijan is also pushing for changes to Armenia’s constitution, which it claims makes territorial claims on Nagorno-Karabakh.

“The Armenian constitution refers to the Declaration of Independence of Armenia, which has a clear clause on the unification with Armenia, with Nagorno-Karabakh,” says Farid Shafiyev of the Centre for Analysis of International Relations, a Baku-based think tank.

Shafiyev warned that without reform, the peace deal could unravel.

“Let’s say, imagine Pashinyan losing elections, a new person says: ‘You know, everything which was signed was against the Armenian constitution.’ For us, it is important that the Armenian people vote for the change of the constitution,” Shafiyev says.

Analysts note that changing the constitution would require a referendum with more than 50 percent turnout – a difficult and time-consuming process.

Time, however, may be running short. Russia is seen as the biggest loser from lasting peace in the Caucasus. For decades Moscow exploited the conflict to play Armenia and Azerbaijan against each other.

Pashinyan is now seeking to move away from Russian dominance and closer to Europe.

Giragosian warned that Armenia’s window of opportunity is limited.

“There is a closing window of opportunity – that is Russia’s distraction with everything in Ukraine. We do expect a storm on the horizon, with an angry, vengeful Putin reasserting or attempting to regain Russia’s lost power and influence in the region.”

Weakening Russia’s grip remains key, he adds. “Armenia, after all, is still a member of the Eurasian Economic Union, the Russian-dominated trade bloc.

“But it’s also a country that has a Russian military base. Russia still manages the Armenian railway network, for example. This is why, for Armenia, the real key here is going to be Turkey and normalising relations with Turkey.”

At present, Armenia’s only open land borders are with Georgia and Iran – both close to Russia. Opening the Turkish border would give Armenia a vital new route, while also benefiting Turkey’s economically depressed border region.

But for now, Azerbaijan may seek further concessions before allowing any breakthrough.

Hello everyone! Welcome to The Sound Kitchen weekly podcast, published every Saturday. This week, you’ll hear three different versions of a song requested by Jayanta Chakrabarty from New Delhi, India.

Be sure you send in your music requests! Write to me at thesoundkitchen@rfi.fr

Here’s the music you heard on this week’s program: “You’ve Made Me So Very Happy” by Brenda Holloway, Patrice Holloway, Frank Wilson, Berry Gordy, in three versions: Brenda Holloway, Blood, Sweat & Tears, and Alton Ellis.

The ePOP video competition is open!

The ePOP video competition is sponsored by the RFI department “Planète Radio”, whose mission is to give a voice to the voiceless. ePOP focuses on the environment and how climate change has affected “ordinary” people.

The ePOP contest is your space to ensure these voices are heard.

How do you do it?

With a three-minute ePOP video. It should be pure testimony, captured by your lens: the spoken word reigns supreme. No tricks, no music, no text on the screen. Just the raw authenticity of an encounter, in horizontal format (16:9). An ePOP film is a razor-sharp look at humanity that challenges, moves, and enlightens.

From June 12 to September 12, 2025, ePOP invites you to reach out, open your eyes, and create a unique bridge between a person and the world.

Join the ePOP community and make reality vibrate!

Click here for all the information you need.

We expect to be overwhelmed with entries from the English speakers!

Earlier this month, the leaders of Italy, Turkey and Libya’s Government of National Accord (GNA) met in a tripartite summit – the latest sign of growing cooperation between the three Mediterranean nations.

“Turkey and Italy have both differing interests, but interests in Libya,” explains international relations professor Huseyin Bagcı of Ankara’s Middle East Technical University.

“Particularly, the migration issue and illegal human trafficking are big problems for Italy, and most of the people are coming from there [Libya], so they try to prevent the flow of migrants.

“But for Turkey, it’s more economic. And Libya is very much interested in keeping the relations with both countries.”

Turkey and Italy consider teaming up to seek new influence in Africa

Migration, legitimacy concerns

Turkey is the main backer of Libya’s GNA and still provides military assistance, which was decisive in defeating the rival eastern-based forces led by strongman Khalifa Haftar. An uneasy ceasefire holds between the two sides.

Libya security analyst Aya Burweilla said Turkey is seeking Italy’s support to legitimise the Tripoli government, as questions grow over its democratic record.

“What it means for the Tripoli regime is very positive. This is a regime that has dodged elections for years,” she says.

“Their job was to have democratic elections, and one of their ways to make sure they stay in power was to get foreign sponsors, like Turkey… Now, with this rubber stamp from Meloni in Italy, they can keep the status quo going at the expense of Libyans.”

Years of civil war and political chaos have turned Libya into a major hub for people smugglers. Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni, elected on a pledge to curb irregular migration, sees stability in Libya as key to that goal.

“The migration issue has become very, very urgent in general for Europe, but of course for Italy too,” says Alessia Chiriatti of the Institute of International Affairs, a think tank in Rome.

Trump and Erdogan grow closer as cooperation on Syria deepens

Mediterranean ambitions

Chiriatti said Meloni’s partnership with Turkey in Libya also reflects broader foreign policy goals.

“There is another dimension – I think it’s directly related to the fact that Italy and Meloni’s government want to play a different role in foreign policy in the Mediterranean space,” she says.

“Italy is starting to see Africa as a possible partner to invest in … But what is important is that Italy is starting to see itself as a new player, both in the Mediterranean space and in Africa, so in this sense, it could have important cooperation with Turkey.”

She points out that both Italy and Turkey share a colonial past in Libya. That legacy, combined with the lure of Libya’s vast energy reserves, continues to shape their diplomacy.

Ending the split between Libya’s rival governments is seen as vital for stability. Moscow’s reduced military support for Haftar, as it focuses on its war in Ukraine, is viewed in Ankara as an opening.

“Russia is nearly out, and what remains are Turkey and Italy,” says Bagcı.

He added that Ankara is making overtures to the eastern authorities through Haftar’s son Saddam, a senior figure in the Libyan military.

“The son of Haftar is coming very often to Ankara, making talks. It’s an indication of potential changes… But how the deal will look like I don’t know, we will see later. But it’s an indication of potential cooperation, definitely.”

Turkey steps into EU defence plans as bloc eyes independence from US

Shifting alliances

Libya was discussed when Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan met Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi in Cairo on Saturday.

Sisi backs Haftar’s eastern government. Libya had been a source of tension between Turkey and Egypt, but with relations thawing, both say they will work together on the country’s future.

Turkey’s position in Libya is strengthening, says Burweilla.

“Saddam is pro-Turkey – there is a huge difference between son and father – and the younger generation is pro-Turkey,” she says.

Such support, Burweilla said, stems from Ankara allowing Libyans to seek sanctuary in Turkey from fighting in 2011, when NATO forces led by France and the United Kingdom militarily intervened against Muammar Gaddafi’s regime.

“I think the Europeans underestimated the political capital that gave Turkey. Turkey is winning the game in Libya,” Burweilla says.

She adds that Ankara’s rising influence is also due to a shift in tactics towards the east.

“What they [Ankara] realised was that you can’t conquer the east of Libya by force; they tried and they failed. And the Turkish regime is very much motivated by business… They don’t care about anything else, and they’ve realised they want to make a business,” Burweilla says.

They’ve reached out more to the east, and the east, in turn, has realised that if they don’t want to be attacked by Turkey and its mercenaries, they need to make peace with Turkey as well.”

Hello everyone! Welcome to The Sound Kitchen weekly podcast, published every Saturday. This week, you’ll hear musical requests from your fellow listeners Hossen Abed Ali from Rangpur, Bangladesh and a composition written by SB Leprof from Winneba, Ghana.

Be sure you send in your music requests! Write to me at thesoundkitchen@rfi.fr

Here’s the music you heard on this week’s program: “Epitaph” by Robert Fripp, Ian McDonald, Greg Lake and Michael Giles, to lyrics by Peter Sinfield, performed by King Crimson, and “Ginger Milk” by SB Leprof.

The ePOP video competition is open!

The ePOP video competition is sponsored by the RFI department “Planète Radio”, whose mission is to give a voice to the voiceless. ePOP focuses on the environment and how climate change has affected “ordinary” people.

The ePOP contest is your space to ensure these voices are heard.

How do you do it?

With a three-minute ePOP video. It should be pure testimony, captured by your lens: the spoken word reigns supreme. No tricks, no music, no text on the screen. Just the raw authenticity of an encounter, in horizontal format (16:9). An ePOP film is a razor-sharp look at humanity that challenges, moves, and enlightens.

From June 12 to September 12, 2025, ePOP invites you to reach out, open your eyes, and create a unique bridge between a person and the world.

Join the ePOP community and make reality vibrate!

Click here for all the information you need.

We expect to be overwhelmed with entries from the English speakers!

“I am going to make a new deadline of about 10 or 12 days from today,” Trump declared at a press conference on 28 July during his visit to Scotland.

“There is no reason to wait 50 days. I wanted to be generous, but we don’t see any progress being made.” 

The American president admitted his efforts to end the Ukraine war had failed and that his patience with his Russian counterpart, Vladimir Putin, was at an end.

Turkish President Erdogan ready to rekindle friendship with Trump

Trump later confirmed 8 August as the date for the new measures. With US-Russian trade down 90 percent since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, Trump warned that other countries importing Russian goods would also be hit by secondary sanctions.

“If you take his [Trump] promises at face value, then he should look at all countries that import any Russian commodities that is of primary importance to the Russian budget – this includes, of course, crude oil, and here you have China and India mostly,” explained George Voloshin of Acams, a global organisation dedicated to anti-financial crime, training and education.

Voloshin also claims that Turkey could be a target as well. “In terms of petroleum products, Turkey is one of the big importers. It also refines Russian petroleum in its own refineries,” Voloshin added.

“Turkey imports lots of Russian gas through the TurkStream pipeline. Turkey is very much dependent on Russian gas and Russian petroleum products.”

Turkey’s rivalry with Iran shifts as US threats create unlikely common ground

Since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, Ankara insists it is only bound by United Nations sanctions.

Last year, Turkey was Russia’s third-largest export market, with Russian natural gas accounting for more than  40 percent of its energy needs.

Putin has used Turkey’s lack of meaningful domestic energy reserves and dependence on Russian gas to develop a close relationship with his Turkish counterpart, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.

“Putin knows that no matter what Trump wants, Turkey is not going to act in any military or sanctions capacity against Russia and Iran. You know, these are Turkey’s red lines. We can’t do it,” said analyst Atilla Yeşilada of Global Source Partners.

“Trump is 10,000 miles away. These people are our neighbours,” added Yeşilada. “So Putin doesn’t think of Turkey as a threat, but as an economic opportunity, and perhaps as a way to do things with the West that he doesn’t want to do directly.”

Ankara is performing a delicate balancing act. While maintaining trading ties with Russia, Erdoğan remains a strong supporter of Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky.

Turkey is a major arms seller to Ukraine, while at the same time, Erdoğan continues to try and broker peace between the warring parties.

Last month, Istanbul was the venue for Russian–Ukrainian talks for the second time in as many months. Such efforts drew the praise of Trump.

Trump and Erdogan grow closer as cooperation on Syria deepens

Trump’s pressure mounts on energy and trade

The American president has made no secret of his liking for Erdoğan, even calling him a friend. Such close ties, along with Turkey’s regional importance to Washington, analysts say, is a factor in Ankara’s Western allies turning a blind eye to its ongoing trade with Russia.

“I think Turkey has got a pass on several levels from Russian sanctions,” observed regional expert Sinan Ciddi of the Washington-based think tank the Foundation for Defense of Democracies.

However, Ciddi cautions that Trump remains unpredictable and that previous actions are no guarantee for the future.

“Past experience is not an indicator of future happenings. We just don’t know what Trump will demand. This is not a fully predictive administration in Washington,” Ciddi said.

“We do know right now that he [Trump] is very unhappy with Putin. He blames Putin for prolonging the Ukraine war,” added Ciddi.

Change of stance

“And if he feels sufficiently upset, there is a possibility that no waivers will be granted to any country. Turkey will be up against a very, very unappetising and unenviable set of choices to make.”

Trump has successfully lobbied the European Union to increase its purchases of American liquefied natural gas (LNG), replacing Russian imports. Similar demands could put Ankara in a difficult position.

“If Trump pressures Turkey not to buy Russian natural gas, that would definitely be a huge shock,” warned Yeşilada.

“Trump might say, for instance: ‘Buy energy from me or whatever.’ But I don’t think we’re there yet. There is no way Turkey can replace Russian gas.”

However, Trump could point to Turkey’s recent expansion of its LNG facilities, which now include five terminals and have excess capacity to cover Russian imports, although storage facilities remain a challenge.

Turkey’s energy infrastructure is also built around receiving Russian energy, and any shift to American energy would likely be hugely disruptive and expensive, at a time when the Turkish economy is in crisis.

Putin retains another energy card over Erdoğan. A Russian company is building a huge nuclear power plant in Turkey, which could account for 20 percent of the country’s energy needs.

Ciddi argues Erdoğan is now paying the price of over-relying on Russia.

Turkey’s Erdogan sees new Trump presidency as opportunity

“There is no need to have resorted to making Ankara this dependent on natural gas, nuclear energy, or for that matter bilateral trade. This was a choice by Erdoğan,” said Ciddi.

“The fact it is so dependent on so many levels in an almost unique way is something that Turkey will have to rethink.”

But for now, Erdoğan will likely be relying on his expertise in diplomatic balancing acts, along with his close ties to Trump and Turkey’s importance to Washington’s regional goals, to once again escape the worst of any sanctions over Russian trade – although Trump may yet extract a price for such a concession.

Hello everyone! Welcome to The Sound Kitchen weekly podcast, published every Saturday – here on our website, or wherever you get your podcasts. You’ll hear the winners’ names announced and the week’s quiz question, along with all the other ingredients you’ve grown accustomed to: your letters and essays, “On This Day”, quirky facts and news, interviews, and great music … so be sure and listen every week.

The ePOP video competition is open!

The ePOP video competition is sponsored by the RFI department “Planète Radio”, whose mission is to give a voice to the voiceless. ePOP focuses on the environment and how climate change has affected “ordinary” people.

The ePOP contest is your space to ensure these voices are heard. 

How do you do it?

With a three-minute ePOP video. It should be pure testimony, captured by your lens: the spoken word reigns supreme. No tricks, no music, no text on the screen. Just the raw authenticity of an encounter, in horizontal format (16:9). An ePOP film is a razor-sharp look at humanity that challenges, moves, and enlightens.

From June 12 to September 12, 2025, ePOP invites you to reach out, open your eyes, and create that unique bridge between a person and the world.

Join the ePOP community and make reality vibrate!

Click here for all the information you need. 

We expect to be overwhelmed with entries from the English speakers!

Erwan and I are busy cooking up special shows with your music requests, so get them in! Send your music requests to thesoundkitchen@rfi.fr Tell us why you like the piece of music, too – it makes it more interesting for us all!

Facebook: Be sure to send your photos to thesoundkitchen@rfi.fr for the RFI English Listeners Forum banner!

More tech news: Did you know we have a YouTube channel? Just go to YouTube and write “RFI English” in the search bar, and there we are! Be sure to subscribe to see all our videos.

Would you like to learn French? RFI is here to help you!

Our website “Le Français facile avec RFI” has news broadcasts in slow, simple French, as well as bilingual radio dramas (with real actors!) and exercises to practice what you have heard.

Go to our website and get started! At the top of the page, click on “Test level” and you’ll be counselled to the best-suited activities for your level.

Do not give up! As Lidwien van Dixhoorn, the head of “Le Français facile” service, told me: “Bathe your ears in the sound of the language, and eventually, you’ll get it.” She should know – Lidwien is Dutch and came to France hardly able to say “bonjour” and now she heads this key RFI department – so stick with it!

Be sure you check out our wonderful podcasts!

In addition to the news articles on our site, with in-depth analysis of current affairs in France and across the globe, we have several podcasts that will leave you hungry for more.

There’s Spotlight on France, Spotlight on Africa, The International Report, and of course, The Sound Kitchen. We also have an award-winning bilingual series – an old-time radio show, with actors (!) to help you learn French, called Les voisins du 12 bis. 

Remember, podcasts are radio, too! As you see, sound is still quite present in the RFI English service. Please keep checking our website for updates on the latest from our journalists. You never know what we’ll surprise you with!

To listen to our podcasts from your PC, go to our website; you’ll see “Podcasts” at the top of the page. You can either listen directly or subscribe and receive them directly on your mobile phone.

To listen to our podcasts from your mobile phone, slide through the tabs just under the lead article (the first tab is “Headline News”) until you see “Podcasts”, and choose your show. 

Teachers take note! I save postcards and stamps from all over the world to send to you for your students. If you would like stamps and postcards for your students, just write and let me know. The address is english.service@rfi.fr  If you would like to donate stamps and postcards, feel free! Our address is listed below. 

Independent RFI English Clubs: Be sure to always include Audrey Iattoni (audrey.iattoni@rfi.fr) from our Listener Relations department in your RFI Club correspondence. Remember to copy me (thesoundkitchen@rfi.fr) when you write to her so that I know what is going on, too. N.B.: You do not need to send her your quiz answers! Email overload!

This week’s quiz: On 5 July, I asked you a question about an article written by RFI English journalist Amanda Morrow: “Ocean campaigners hail French move to snuff out cigarette butt pollution”. In her article, we learned that cigarette ends, or butts, are filled with microplastics and that when they break apart, they leach chemicals into soil and water.

France has banned smoking on beaches, in public parks, and at bus stops, as well as near schools, libraries, swimming pools, and sports grounds.

You were to re-read Amanda’s article and send in the answer to this question: How many liters of water can a single cigarette butt contaminate?

The answer is, to quote Amanda’s article: “According to the French Ministry of Ecological Transition, a single cigarette butt can contaminate up to 500 liters of water.”

In addition to the quiz question, there was the bonus question, suggested by long-time RFI Listeners Club member Nasyr Muhammad from Katsina State, Nigeria: “What is your favorite prize you’ve received from RFI, and why?”

Do you have a bonus question idea? Send it to thesoundkitchen@rfi.fr

The winners are: RFI Listeners Club member Kanwar Sandhu from British Columbia in Canada, who is also this week’s bonus question winner. Congratulations on your double win, Kanwar.

Also on the list of lucky winners this week are Karobi Hazarika, a member of the United RFI Listeners Club in Assam, India, and RFI Listeners Club member Mahfuzur Rahman from Cumilla, Bangladesh. Last but not least, there are two RFI English listeners from Bangladesh: Laila Shantu Akhter from Naogaon and Labanna Lata from Munshiganj.

Congratulations, winners!

Here’s the music you heard on this week’s programme: The piano sonata in B flat, K.529, by Domenico Scarlatti, played by Ivo Pogorelich; the “Trout” Quintet in A major, D. 667, by Franz Schubert, performed by the Endes Quartet with pianist Rolf Reinhardt; “The Flight of the Bumblebee” by Nicolai Rimsky-Korsakov; “The Cakewalk” from Children’s Corner by Claude Debussy, performed by the composer; “Happy” by Pharrell Williams, and a medley in honor of Ozzy Osbourne, arranged by Vincent Pora Dallongeville:

“Paranoid”, by Ozzy Osbourne, Tony Iommi, Geezer Butler, and Bill Ward;

“Crazy Train” by Ozzy Osbourne, Randy Rhoads, and Bob Daisley;

“No More Tears” by Ozzy Osbourne, Zak Wylde, Randy Castillo, Mike Inez, and John Purdell;

“Bark at the Moon” by Ozzy Osbourne, Jake E. Lee, and Bob Daisley.

Do you have a music request? Send it to thesoundkitchen@rfi.fr

This week’s question … you must listen to the show to participate. After you’ve listened to the show, re-read our article “UN gathers to advance two-state solution to Israel-Palestine conflict”, which will help you with the answer.

You have until 6 October to enter this week’s quiz; the winners will be announced on the 11 October podcast. When you enter, be sure to send your postal address with your answer, and if you have one, your RFI Listeners Club membership number.

Send your answers to:

english.service@rfi.fr

or

Susan Owensby

RFI – The Sound Kitchen

80, rue Camille Desmoulins

92130 Issy-les-Moulineaux

France

Click here to learn how to win a special Sound Kitchen prize.

Click here to find out how you can become a member of the RFI Listeners Club, or form your own official RFI Club.   

Madhya Pradesh is often referred to as the Heart of India. Located right in the middle of the country, the Indian region shows everything India has to offer through its abundant diversity. The IFTM trade show, which took place in Paris at the end of September, presented the perfect opportunity for travel enthusiasts to discover the region.

Sheo Shekhar Shukla, Managing Director of Madhya Pradesh’s tourism board, sat down to explain his approach to sustainable tourism.

“Post-covid the whole world has known a shift in their approach when it comes to tourism. And all those discerning travelers want to have different kinds of experiences: something offbeat, something new, something which has not been explored before.”

Through its UNESCO World Heritage Sites, Shukla wants to showcase the deep history Madhya Pradesh has to offer.

“UNESCO is very actively supporting us and three of our sites are already World Heritage Sites. Sanchi is a very famous buddhist spiritual destination, Bhimbetka is a place where prehistoric rock shelters are still preserved, and Khajuraho is home to thousand year old temples with magnificent architecture.”

All in all, Shukla believes that there’s only one way forward for the industry: “Travelers must take sustainable tourism as a paradigm in order to take tourism to the next level.”

In partnership with Madhya Pradesh’s tourism board.

Also known as the Land of the Beautiful Islands, Malaysia’s landscape and cultural diversity is almost unmatched on the planet. Those qualities were all put on display at the Malaysian stand during the IFTM trade show.

Libra Hanif, director of Tourism Malaysia, explained the appeal of the country as well as the importance of promoting sustainable tourism today: “Sustainable travel is a major trend now, with the changes that are happening post-covid. People want to get close to nature, to get close to people. So Malaysia being a multicultural and diverse [country] with a lot of natural environments, we felt that it’s a good thing for us to promote Malaysia.”

Malaysia has also gained fame in recent years, through its numerous UNESCO World Heritage Sites, which include Kinabalu Park and the Archaeological Heritage of the Lenggong Valley.

Green mobility has also become an integral part of tourism in Malaysia, with an increasing number of people using bikes to discover the country: “If you are a little more adventurous, we have the mountain back trails where you can cut across gazetted trails to see the natural attractions and the wildlife that we have in Malaysia,” says Hanif. “If you are not that adventurous, you’ll be looking for relaxing cycling. We also have countryside spots, where you can see all the scenery in a relaxing session.”

With more than 25,000 visitors at this IFTM trade show this year, Malaysia’s tourism board got to showcase the best the country and its people have to offer.

In partnership with Malaysia Tourism Promotion Board. For more information about Malaysia, click here.