Draft of Minerals Deal Features Vague Reference to Ukrainian Security
A draft of an agreement calling for Ukraine to hand over to the United States revenue from natural resources includes new language referring to security guarantees, a provision Kyiv had pressed for vigorously in negotiations.
But the reference is vague and does not signal any specific American commitment to safeguarding Ukraine’s security.
A copy of the agreement obtained Wednesday by The New York Times included a sentence stating that the United States “supports Ukraine’s effort to obtain security guarantees needed to establish lasting peace.” Previous drafts did not have the phrase on security guarantees.
It was not clear whether the draft, dated Tuesday, was a final version.
A Ukrainian official briefed on the draft, and several people in Ukraine with knowledge of the talks, confirmed that wording on security had been included in the document. They spoke on the condition of anonymity to discuss private negotiations.
The agreement is seen as opening the door to possible continued backing from the United States under the Trump administration, either as aid for the war effort or as enforcement of any cease-fire. Officials in the United States and Ukraine said on Tuesday that a version had been accepted by both sides.
President Volodymyr Zelensky of Ukraine is expected to travel to Washington on Friday to sign the agreement with President Trump. The draft obtained by The Times showed Scott Bessent, the U.S. Treasury Secretary, and Yulia Svyrydenko, Ukraine’s economy minister, as the initial signatories.
Mr. Zelensky had proposed a deal granting the United States access to mineral wealth last fall as a contingency in case Mr. Trump won the American election. But the Ukrainian leader balked at the terms presented earlier this month after Mr. Trump took office.
Mr. Zelensky had pushed hard that a commitment to Ukraine’s security be detailed in the document. In exchange, Ukraine would contribute half of future natural resource earnings to an American-controlled fund.
The Trump administration resisted that request. Officials in Washington argued that security guarantees were implied in Washington’s holding a financial interest in Ukrainian metal ores, minerals, oil and natural gas, and that such an agreement would provide an incentive to prevent Russian occupation of the resources.
The American national security adviser, Mike Waltz, told Fox News this past week that, for Ukrainians, U.S. involvement in natural resources was “the best security guarantee they could ever hope for, much more than another pallet of ammunition.”
The draft from Tuesday included earlier phrasing that the United States would take “steps to protect mutual investments,” implying an American commitment to safeguard the sites of resource deposits, some of which are close to front lines.
Mr. Trump has called the deal payback for earlier American aid and had asked for $500 billion. That figure, included in earlier drafts, alarmed officials in Kyiv and was dropped from later versions.
The Trump administration negotiators, the Ukrainian official briefed on the draft said, had strenuously tried to exclude the phrase on security guarantees from earlier versions, arguing that the language was beyond the scope of a negotiation over mineral rights. It was added only in drafts late in the negotiations, the official said.
Ukraine’s prime minister, Denys Shmyhal, spoke on Wednesday about the new phrasing about security guarantees in terms suggesting that the United States had not acceded to the request for its inclusion. Mr. Shmyhal said that neither Mr. Zelensky nor other officials in the Ukrainian government would sign the deal if the phrase were omitted, calling it an “integral element” to the agreement on minerals.
It was unclear if the new phrasing suggested support for American security guarantees or support for Ukraine’s ongoing diplomatic effort to shore up backing for a European peacekeeping mission and other assurances to safeguard a possible cease-fire.
The British prime minister, Keir Starmer, is scheduled to travel to Washington on Wednesday to present to Mr. Trump a European initiative to field a 30,000-strong peacekeeping force. European leaders have said such a force would nonetheless require an American “backstop” of military assistance, such as American satellite surveillance, air defense or air force support.
Other terms in the draft beyond security remained mostly unaltered from a previous draft on Monday. The Ukrainian government agreed to relinquish half of its revenues from the future monetization of natural resources including minerals, oil and gas, as well as earnings from associated infrastructure such as liquefied natural gas terminals and port infrastructure. The fund would not draw on revenue from already existing natural resource business such as mines and oil wells.
Those revenues would fill a fund where the United States would hold a percentage of ownership and degree of control “to the maximum” extent allowed under American law. It is unclear how that would be interpreted.
Rejecting Trump’s Call to Annex Their Nation, Canadians Rally Around the Flag
On a good day in February, Debbie Hartlen might sell one Canadian flag at her workshop in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia. Now, daily sales have hit roughly 300 flags, and that’s not counting her larger online business.
President Trump’s plan to impose crippling tariffs on Canadian exports is seen as a devastating threat to many Canadian businesses and workers. His warning on trade — combined with his repeated calls for the United States to annex Canada — have the country’s flag makers struggling to keep up with suddenly soaring demand.
“Isn’t it wonderful?,” said Ms. Hartlen, who owns The Flag Shop Nova Scotia. “Thank you, Trump. Who would have thought we’d be saying that?”
The renewed interest in Canada’s maple leaf flag, fueled by intense opposition to Mr. Trump’s idea of making Canada the 51st state and his economic threats, comes as the red and white Canadian banner marks its 60th anniversary.
And for a nation where flag waving is less a part of life than in the United States and flags are generally less conspicuous, the Trump-fueled resurgence of Canadian patriotism has also revived the Canadian flag’s image.
The maple leaf flag, often flown upside down or from hockey sticks, became the defining symbol used by protesters who occupied and paralyzed Ottawa, Canada’s capital, for nearly a month in 2022 in response to Covid restrictions.
As a result, many Canadians have shied away from displaying their national flag out of concern that they would be seen as endorsing the protests.
But things started to change as Flag Day in Canada, which is celebrated on Feb. 15, approached. Usually, the day passes by largely unnoticed. This time, against the backdrop of tariff threats and Mr. Trump’s criticisms of Canada, including referring to Prime Minister Justin Trudeau as Governor Trudeau, five former prime minsters have called on Canadians “to show the flag as never before.”
The government held 60th birthday celebrations, which included skaters holding aloft a giant flag down a 19th-century canal in Ottawa that doubles as a giant ice skating rink during the winter. And throughout the country, Canadians are doing something many rarely do: flying flags outside their homes.
L’étendard Flags and Banners, a company based in Quebec City, makes about 25,000 Canadian flags for the federal government and 10,000 more for other customers and uses what is typically the slow winter season to build up inventory leading up to Canada Day on July 1.
This year demand for flags is so high that the company may need to hire extra workers to cope with the surge, said Mario Trahan, one of the company’s owners.
“There’s a peak just before the July 1 but it’s always the same pattern every year,” said Mr. Trahan, whose company has been in the flag business for 30 years. “But we haven’t seen a rush like this.”
Before the current version of the flag was adopted, Canada had spent nearly a century trying to create and agree on a national flag that was not simply carried over from its past as a British colony.
“English Canadians in particular were divided about their identity,” said Forrest Pass, a vexillologist, or flag scholar, at Library and Archives Canada, the national archive. “British imperial identity still loomed large.”
The result, he said, was that Canada first used Britain’s Union Jack, which is officially known as the royal union flag, as its national flag. In 1892, the British Admiralty officially allowed Canadian commercial ships to fly a red flag that was known as the Canadian Red Ensign, with the Union Jack in one corner and a smaller shield of Canada that underwent many design changes.
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Soon, the Canadian Red Ensign was being used on land, particularly by the military during World War I, before gaining official status in 1946.
Many Canadians regarded the red ensign as mostly a “place holder,” said Dr. Pass, whose dissertation was on flags.
Various committees at various times considered thousands of proposed Canadian flags, including one, Dr. Pass said, that featured a woman in a bikini.
“It was something of a cottage industry, the production of new flag designs,” he said.
But it was Lester B. Pearson, the Nobel Peace Prize laureate for his work resolving the Suez crisis and past Liberal prime minister, who ultimately selected the single Maple Leaf design.
But it was a hard sell at first. The debate in Parliament to adopt it was described by one historian as “among the ugliest in the House of Commons history” because of the strong opposition from members of Parliament to diluting British heritage.
But once the debate was settled and the design approved, Canadians quickly warmed to their new flag, Dr. Pass said.
During the Vietnam War, anecdotal stories about American travelers sewing maple leaf patches onto their backpacks before heading abroad became a source of cross-border resentment, particularly given Canada’s strong opposition to the war.
But the protests in Ottawa, which became known as the trucker convoy — and that polls showed most Canadians strongly opposed — hurt the country’s romance with its flag.
“The co-option of the flag by a small segment of the population created a lot of discomfort for Canadians,” said Heather Nicol, the director of the Canadian studies school at Trent University in Peterborough, Ontario. “A lot of people felt like: ‘Well I don’t know if we want to look at that flag or fly that flag again.’”
Still, in one downtown Ottawa neighborhood that endured the ear splitting, late night air horn honking by protesting truckers, Sam Hudson never took down the four Canadian flags that largely cover the window of the tailor shop he opened 15 years ago after emigrating from Jordan. (There is also a Scottish flag in the window in honor of his first customer.)
“I kept them because they are the symbol for our country,” Mr. Hudson said. “It’s not a symbol for certain people. I respect this flag. It’s a symbol for 40 million people who live in this land.”
Now with Mr. Trump’s denigration of Canada, Mr. Hudson said he wants more Canadians to follow his example and start displaying the flag.
“Everywhere, any time, all the year,” Mr. Hudson said before hemming some trousers. “This is our I.D.”